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Dear friends and followers, in today´s video I´ll be explaining, why pilots say "Heavy" at the end of their callsign.
I´m sure many of you have listened to LIVE ATC conversations here on youtube, and ever so often you can hear the controller and the pilot communicate with each other and the pilot always ends by saying his callsign and "Heavy" at the end.
The "Heavy" is related to the ICAO wake turbulence categories. As all flying objects create turbulent air in their path, airplanes create so-called wake turbulence. And the heavier and the greater the angle of attack is the stronger the wake turbulence become. Therefore it´s absolutely vital that airplanes keep a safe distance to each other so to not enter the turbulence of the preceding plane.
Cause of that matter the ICAO came up with a wake turbulence weight category chart.
But see more about the minimum separations etc. in the video :)
Thanks for watching, all the best your "Captain" Joe
Big thank you to all other youtubers who provided me with the video material to create this video. Your content is highly appreciated. Please follow their channels:
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KOMMENTARE
G0lia7h
I love how joe says "you as a pilot", sitting here watching your videos while I should do my studies for my architecture exam.
Vor 2 yearsVehicle Boi
Who knows, you ccould be designing an airport
Vor 3 Monatecurlymike
I'm a programmer, but I'm curious about aviation.
Vor yearvsenderov
I am confused: am I a pilot or an architect?!
Vor yearthebeaz1
@Kejia Zhang What the freak?
Vor yearKejia Zhang
I am an architect designing airport building here to learn about airplanes. You didn’t watch a wrong video.
Vor yearussling
I deal with wake turbulence every morning when the alarm clock sounds.
Vor 2 yearsdesi aadmi
I dont want to start my engines right after i awake,
Vor 8 MonateShane Gentle
😂
Vor 11 MonateCathy Wickern
🤣🤣
Vor 11 Monatecurlymike
That's heavy
Vor yearBenjamin Benjamin
😅😂🤣
Vor yearSteve Fick
Very cool. I just thought that "heavy" meant a large, fully loaded aircraft. We live close to an airport, so there are 7-6-7's and 7-5-7's (cargo) flying over quite often. Where we live is quite quiet. So much so, that you can hear the wake turbulence wooshing around above you after the plane has passed. Really cool sound!
Vor yearEduardo Troconis
Great video, Captain! I like your closing line: "a good pilot is always learning". I think that applies to all professions.
Vor 2 yearsVehicle Boi
A good hangman is always learning!
Vor 3 Monatethebeaz1
and?
Vor yearEduardo Troconis
@thebeaz1 You're welcome, just let me know when you need more
Vor yearthebeaz1
Thank you for that blinding brilliance.
Vor yearValerie DeMello
Always wondered about the "heavy ", thank you for taking the time.
Vor yearthebeaz1
all 3 seconds........
Vor yearOOZ662
I've been getting into listening to ATC recordings recently, and was intrigued by the Antonov AN-225 and the Super on its callsign. Not to mention the bustle of the airport services running around picking up the chunks it tore out of various places on takeoff and landing.
Vor 3 yearsJesse 1437
The amount of information pilots, and especially traffic controllers, deal with at any given moment of time is hard to believe. Props to the super multi-taskers!!!
Vor 3 yearsbigboat83
Wingtip vertices also reduce fuel efficiency, which is precisely why many aircraft have winglets on the tips of their wings to decrease these vertices.
Vor 2 yearsSteven Bruce
vortices
Vor yearRobert Ferguson
“Anytime you learn something your mind expands” Thank you for the very informative video!
Vor 2 yearsSharcc
...I think that's meningitis.
Vor 2 yearsNermen Osama
I'm really surprised by the way it works and never imagined many airplanes are landing one after one like this .. I thought there's such a large period of time between two flights and that's so great
Vor yearAnthony Ames
Your vids are awesome, they explain different aspects about flying that I’ve always wondered about in a manner that a non-pilot understand. Thank you!
Vor 2 yearsDona Littlefield
Have watched so many Aviation videos but did wonder about the "heavy" added onto some calls. Thank you so very much for this explanation! Made perfect sense and answered other questions I had as well! Most informative for this interested layman!
Vor 2 yearsxcab66
We all miss the Concord, Captain. Even people born after it was decommissioned probably miss it!
Vor 2 yearsPopTaco112
I was born after
Vor MonatKate Kat
I loved being in Northern Virginia when the Concorde took off
Vor 11 Monatethebeaz1
I miss it more than anyone on the planet Earth.....
Vor yearGustavo Sanchez
I miss it
Vor yearRocky M
@thebeaz1 You are right, I guess. It's the money, not the technology. And it didn't help having the industry shut down for a year.
Vor yearsmegskull
"Ohh no the new A380 can carry too much we need a new category for it." 40yr old Antanov - "I'm sorry, what was that?"
Vor 2 yearsEthan's Aviation
@alfredlikc00 European
Vor 7 MonateAbdel Kader Senouci
@Jon Dickison the C5 is just a heavy, not a SUPER
Vor 8 Monatealfredlikc00
@Alfredo Márquez Apologies. I must’ve been slightly drunk whilst writing that comment. Funny how we’re both responding to one year old comments.
Vor yearAlfredo Márquez
@RМА70-24 D32 Name another just as awesome... can you?
Vor yearAlfredo Márquez
@alfredlikc00 I wasn't talking about any Airbus, but about the great Antonov... There is no american airplane that is as large as the Antonov 225.
Vor yearPavel Golodoniuc
Hey, in Australia, gliders are always aero towed in the so called "low tow" position below the slipstream and there's a good reason for that. Joe, do you know why?
Vor 2 yearsPavel Golodoniuc
@Tanya Wieczorek There is not so much of wake turbulence behind a small tow plane. There is a slipstream though but we fly just below it to stay in the smooth air.
Vor yearTanya Wieczorek
How does it fly lower than the tow plane? I thought it always flies higher due to not carrying an engine plus the wake turbulence of the tow plane..
Vor yearJonatan Córdoba
Nice explanation, It would have been nice to mention the counter measures for this, like Winglets (or any of their names). It was intended to reduce fuel consumption but it certainly reduces the vortex.
Vor 3 yearsJoshi Amruth Raj
I'm an air traffic controller. I love your explanation P - Pilot C- Controller ………… P: Bombay approach, Air India 124 heavy.. C: Air India 124 heavy, Bombay approach heavy.. P: Confirm approach heavy.. C: Affirm, I'm 121 kg P: Roger (chuckling) ………… Funny chat shared by one of my instructors with a pilot during his active duty at VABB.
Vor 3 yearsTx240
This is much funnier if you imagine it (or even read it out loud) in an Indian accent and throw in a couple head shakes.
Vor yearmark rainford
But, but your name is Joshi, not roger!
Vor yearJoshi Amruth Raj
@Woof Olliesmydog thank you
Vor 2 yearsJoshi Amruth Raj
@Lectric Blue spot on
Vor 2 yearsJoshi Amruth Raj
@Stefan I loved his way of explaining the things. I'm well aware of what he's talking about as we use the wake seperations daily during handling the traffic.
Vor 2 yearsQuantumme
Dear Captain Joe, what an amazing educator you are. Over time, you've inspired me to pursue my pilot license... Cheers. Keep making these amazing videos. Yours, love from L.A.
Vor 2 yearsSteven Bruce
That was a great video. My big question was going to be "well, why do the vortices necessarily sink?" Your second video of them made visible by smoke provided the answer. Thanks!
Vor yearJeb Sails
As a non-pilot I just enjoy these explanations. The math, angles, vectors etc, I used ,yonks ago, when in training for submarine fire control, to get the torpedo to the target. STD is not a disease rather speed x time = distance. Thanks again. Narragansett Bay
Vor 2 yearsnumbr17
I really like this channel! Nice work Joe! Very informative, and plainly explained to those of us new to the content. Really appreciate this.
Vor yearLarry Ehrlich
Back when I flew Lear jets and I was following a "Heavy" jet, I would fly one dot above the glide slope to avoid the turbulence. Later when I flew MD-11's (heavy jet), behind another heavy jet then I didn't bother flying above their glide path.
Vor 2 yearsmisty51
I really love your videos, I have no knowledge about aviation, and yet I understand it all, really great teaching skills, humour, graffics and simple explanations are the key! Thanks
Vor 2 yearsGerald Himmelspach
Excellent vid. Have studied physics and engineering but never ran into this. Wish I took pilot training, but told you have to put up about $80.000 to become commercial or airline pilot. Back in 1985, coughed and went to oilfield. Life missed
Vor 3 yearsCaleb P
Even if it costs $20K, I couldn’t afford that unless I sold my house and lived in a small apartment. I say this on an aircraft mechanics salary. Guess it boils down to life choices. Maybe should have been a doctor or lawyer.
Vor 2 yearsAlfredo Márquez
@747-pilot Well, as an engineer, you can have a tremendous advantage becoming a better pilot, but only if you study aerodynamics, engines, airframes and aviation in-depth. Having a THROROUGH and FULL understanding can be the difference in being in full command on an extraordinary situation, or just becoming another helpless passenger... Most recently graduated pilots become mere button-pushers, that rely too much on automation, a sure way to crash someday... But a truly knowledgeable pilot that understands how the plane works, will be in a position to solve difficult failures much better. Take the Alaska Airlines MD crash for example: Would those pilots knew about the possibility of MECHANICAL FAILURE, they would had walked back to the rear of the aircraft, and asked if someone had heard any extraneous noise (the noise made by the stabilizer jackscrew stripping its threads). Instead, they kept trying to handle it incorrectly as an electrical trouble (in fact, sadly, they ended up completely stripping the threads with their attempts to force the jackscrew to turn, precipitating the nosedive and crashing). Knowledge always helps, Ignorance kills!
Vor 2 yearsManny Fernandez
i dreamt to be an airline pilot but ended up in the merchant marine.boats and planes break down and boats has a greater leeway of survivability if it does lol..
Vor 2 yearsMohammed Sami
I like that you studied physics and engineering you sound clever.
Vor 3 yearsGeorge B
@747-pilotThanks 747. I wasn't planning on pursuing flying as a CAREER. I'm anything if not a realist and acutely aware my limits especially at this stage of the game. No, I was asking you why YOU couldn't go the cargo flight route in order to pursue YOUR love of flying. If I were in your position I think I'd want to continue to fly for as long as possible. And then fly my own plane after retiring. But hey, thanks for the info and insight. And continued success in your pursuits! ✌🇺🇸
Vor 3 yearsSpecies 5618
Ive never heard light or medium call out yet.. Initially I thought heavy means the plane is filled with a full tank of fuel 😂
Vor 2 yearsLinda Roy
Me too...but I thought heavy also meant full of passengers as well
Vor 2 yearsKyle Warner
You wont hear medium, but when flying light, you'll usually start your interaction with the planes model and n-number. "Las Vegas tower, Cesna 424KW with you 6000"
Vor 2 yearsDavid Hughes
I am happy i learned that, i always assumed it was the weight to make controllers aware of longer take off and stopping lengths on the runway, so always good to be corrected and learn something, cheers.
Vor 2 yearsRonald van Kemenade
Thanks! I always thought heavy meant full tanks, pushing the limits of the landinggear, hence alerting the fire brigades..
Vor 2 yearsRon leitch
To a ‘non pilot’ and only occasional Airline Passenger, that was a MOST interesting video, beautifully explaining the terminology! Thank you!
Vor 3 yearsPilot Nancy
So I was flying in a PC12 and the tower warned the Cessna 152 behind us for “wake turbulence”, aviation bucket list item checked lol. Great vid, thanks for the content
Vor 3 yearswillyt
There are situations where the controller MUST issue a cautionary wake turbulence advisory. And, the controller may also issue it when "in their judgement" it may be a factor.
Vor 2 yearsGlen M. Danielsen
Nancy, sister of gorgeous wings! That person is reason why I appreciate the blocking feature on YouTube. God bless you, sister of wonderful turboprop! 💛😊
Vor 3 yearsTeksal1
@Kaakao Ha! I heard that one too!
Vor 3 yearsTerry Kain
American imposter 131, continue on Bravo, after the Cessna. Caution propwash. -Kennedy Steve classics
Vor 3 yearsSlippery_ Gecko
Cessna WHY WHY WHY
Vor 3 yearsG. K.
I remember the first time experiencing the wake of aircraft. I recently moved to a house next to Detroit Metropolitan Airport that was nearly in line with the runway. I would go out jogging in the evening and on a perfectly calm evening I would hear a rush of wind go through the tree tops every few minutes. After a while it dawned on me as to what was causing the rush of wind. Sometimes on humid days the vortices in off of the wing tips would create cloud tubes that would nearly fall to the ground.
Vor 2 yearsTomas
Thanks for this video Joe, really helpful! Especially like the video of the plane flying through the smoke showing wake turbulence effect.
Vor yearPat Stokes
Joe I'm not a pilot, I never fly, I'm 71 and a female and really enjoy your videos. I'm amazed at how much you need to know, remember and be able to grab out of your memory at any moment. I'm totally impressed and have learned what a fabulous piece of equipment a jet airplane is.
Vor 2 yearskennedy omondy
I would love to be on a plane, would you pay my ticket from Kenya to USA
Vor 8 MonateJose Rodriguez
Me: (says heavy) Atc: sir you're flying a little Cessna Me: yeah but I'm with my MIL
Vor 2 yearsLego Pachycephalosaurus
💀
Vor 7 MonateB Mell
@The Realist ah, 😒 geez. Sounds like one of my Dad’s jokes. 😂😂😂 …and I love it!
Vor 9 MonateThe Realist
I wouldn't say MIL is a big woman, but we were at the beach the other day when the lifeguard came over and asked her to leave, as the tide was waiting to come in!
Vor 9 MonateKate Kat
@Diamond Yoshi101 nah....4XL
Vor 11 MonateJeff W
U add an "f" to that and you are back to the light cessna.
Vor yearPilot Alexander
Amazing Joe, thank you so much for the information. It’s an honor for me to appear in your video 😊
Vor 3 yearsLanaka
@Valentijn Vos I'd assume for sake of simplicity and to err on side of safety, that the types of wing tips wont change the size classification of any given plane.
Vor 2 yearsValentijn Vos
Regardless of weight and angle, doesnt the type of wing tips also come into play for the categories? New planes have tips that reduce WT isn’t it??
Vor 2 yearsOsaid Kadim
By the way, I love Qatar Airlines, very professional and courteous. I always fly with you internationally.
Vor 3 yearsHonk Honk
Hello C:
Vor 3 yearsAntony
That “super” very cool tho
Vor 3 yearsTheMobileEnthusiast
I love your videos, very informative and easy to understand!! 😊
Vor 2 yearsBill R
Great explanation. At first when I heard pilots saying " Heavy" thought is was just an ego thing. Look at us we are flying this big airplane. Turns out something more than this. Thanks for the info
Vor yearAlan Buckingham
Hey Captain Joe you talk about wake turbulence how did bombers etc during the war fly so close to eachother without effecting eachother my grandfather was a captain on the lancaster bomber for the Royal airforce unfortunately he has passed so can't ask what he had to watch for when they fly in formation or is wake only during takeoff and landing, cheers
Vor 3 yearsMikeP
Actually, when flying in formation the WWII bomber pilot had to avoid the airflow caused by the propellers of the aircraft ahead because it will cause difficulty in maintaining position in the formation.
Vor 3 yearsNS Sherlock
I Lived near Mascot airport in Sydney, planes came over so low you could see passenger's faces.A noise that we would hear is this back and forth swishing sound after the plane landed, it was like stereo channels left right playing in the sky, this was the swirling vortices from the Jets. An eerie sound.
Vor 2 yearsWendy
Very informative video. Always wondered why we had to wait so long on the runway.
Vor 3 yearsJason Johns
Thank you from a non-pilot who just enjoys listening to ATC transmissions as of recently. Definitely fulfilled my curiosity!
Vor 3 yearsEmmanuel Kitunga
Glad I learnt something new! However, I do have a question. Many fighter planes have the capability to refuel in air. How do they manage to fly and and adjust their position precisely in the zone of wake turbulence (from the tanker) during aerial refuelling?
Vor 2 yearsZK-APA
Emmanuel Kitunga wake is generated at the wingtips of the aircraft. So when a fighter (or any aircraft) is refueling, it is so close to the airframe that the wingtip wake is avoided.
Vor 2 yearsSuzanne Young
Just found your channel after watching your great interview with Kennedy Steve. I was once on Alaska Airlines flying from Portland into LAX, and the plane rolled from side to side approx 30-40 degrees. Everyone was quiet during and after, and I said to my coworker I think we just hit another jet's wake. Prior to that we hit an air pocket while over the ocean and dropped suddenly. The surprise of it made me scream out. The captain never came on the speaker or said anything to the passengers about any of this. Guess he was too busy at the time. Is this proper protocol to not explain anything to the passengers?
Vor 2 yearsSuzanne Young
@ZK-APA Ok thanks for your reply.
Vor 2 yearsZK-APA
Suzanne Young it depends from situation to situation. Sometimes it’s good to keep the passengers informed, as they’ll be aware of what’s happening around them But other times it’s better to be quiet to avoid making a panicking situation in the cabin.
Vor 2 yearsOwen Thompson
Hey Captain Joe! Love the videos.. I fly paragliders with AUW of around 95kg... so I guess super super light? Although saying that you can feel wake turbulence whilst ridge soaring as you pass other gliders :)
Vor 3 yearsNicki
thank you for explaining this i had heard this on atc many times and had often wondered what it referred to
Vor 3 yearsKevin Malone
Good instructional video. I always thought heavy meant the size, bulk of the aircraft. So it's actually due to the severity of wake turbulence caused by the aircraft.
Vor 9 MonateDaniel Moses
Absolutely fascinating video, Captain! I have wondered about the "heavy" designation for a long time. I thought it had to do with the amount of fuel onboard (take off vs landing), but now I know it has to do with the overall weight of the equipment. Does the consumption of fuel after a long haul ever change the designation from heavy to medium or super to heavy? Thank you so much for all your informative videos. Sorry your boss at Air Berlin was jealous of your success on the Choob. You are awesome!
Vor 2 yearsZK-APA
Daniel Moses no, category of the aircraft remains constant, independent of the actual weight. Only factor is the max take off weight
Vor 2 yearsSkylark Starsmith
That one was fascinating. I have always thought 'heavy' meant an aircraft was fully laden with fuel and passengers/freight, thus was less manoeuvrable.
Vor yearDavid Reibelt
Id love to know why pilots dont or cant get out of long periods of turbulence. Ive had a flight from LAX to SYD and YVR to SYD with 4 hours of turbulence each. Cant the pilot increase or decrease altitude to get out of it?
Vor yearScott Lewis Parsons
On my first glider flight many years ago the instructor brought the glider down into the wake of the tow plane so he could get some extra lift on release of the tow rope. It was quite bumpy and we gained height quickly, I thought I was in a roller coaster!
Vor yearAbhishek Vyas
I like your way of describing complex scenarios in laymen terms.... Happy landings joe
Vor 3 yearsLouieGMDesign13
I went through ATC school in the Air Force and it is said to recognize that there are aircraft taking off in front of you that cause wake turbulence when taking off. There are FAA regulations on distance and airborne when the next aircraft can be cleared for take off. Wake turbulence is only a departure-departure "crime" and not issued on landings.
Vor yearAngelica Bister
I know this video was uploaded a long time ago, but I have a question about the categories. If an A380 is categorized as Super, is the Antanov also categorized as Super or does it have its own category?
Vor 2 yearsAndreas Kainz
Excellent briefing captain Joe! Thank you very much!
Vor 2 yearsMightyBOBcnc
That is very interesting. I always thought that "heavy" was related to current fuel load. i.e. all aircraft with full fuel tanks were given the "heavy" designation. Today I learned!
Vor 3 yearsDaniel Page
Interesting to see the aircraft on final getting buffeted around on landing. I guess due to something like this we had to do an unexpected go-around at TXL last Monday even though in the cabin, everything felt smooth.
Vor 2 yearsDzyMsLizzy
Once I read a definition of stress as, "Coming in to land at a large airport in a small plane, with a maximum speed of 140 MPH, followed by a commercial jet with a stall speed of 140 MPH." I don't know how accurate this is, as I'm sure there would be sufficient separation managed by ATC.
Vor yearLance Ferraro
I learned about wake vortices from that. In the US Navy I was stationed on the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) of Diego Garcia. There is an air base there and running paralell to the runway, but a few hundred feet away is a road. I'd ride my bicycle along that road for exercise. One lovely, sunny tropical day I heard the rumble of a B-52 taking off, and I knew it would be heavy because, taking off from a 'middle of nowhere' surrounded by thousands of miles of water all B-52s that departed Diego had to go fully fueled. Just before it passed me it started flying (B-52s don't really rotate, they just start flying) and a few moments later I was blasted off the road into the sand by its vortices. Believe me, they are really powerful!! It was like stepping into a hurricane.
Vor yearJenn
I will never forget that time when I was on a flight landing in LAX. As we were approaching the airport, all of a sudden the plane tipped over to the right at a 90 degree angle. I was staring at the roofs of these houses straight down. We all screamed and thought we were going down. We recovered shortly after and then the pilot came onto the PA announcing it was weight turbulence. That was how I learnt the term. It was horrifying and I hope never in my life again.
Vor yearJulian Neale
Another great video. One thing though at 07:30, you can't always go around if you inadvertently fly into vortices from a 'heavy' as you may well not have enough control authority and no choice of where the aircraft will go. I remember being a student solo pilot in a C152 awaiting departure. A C130 Hercules 'heavy' took off and seconds later the tower cleared me for take off. Although I was fully awhere of the issues of this video, being a fresh new pilot and not wanting to upset anyone I slowly and cautiously taxied into the runway and lined up. I took my time but it had only been a minute or so... I opened the throttle to full and (just about) felt those little ponies pull me as hard as they could. I easily got airborne far befor the C130 ahead and climbed out. However I'd noticed the C130's climb angle was far greater than mine and when I was at a couple of hundred feet still above the runway on the upwind leg I intersected (found) his wake! Now I'm a very confident pilot who very much enjoys seat of the pants flying and throwing aeroplanes around the sky, but I will fully admit to not liking that experience at all! It was the lack of control and just being totally and dangerously blown around at extreme attitudes against my will despite all my corrective control inputs... After several seconds I had very clumsily traversed through this huge wake and my C152 started to fly normally again. I had learnt my lesson and then know, if you have reason to stop or wait, just talk to the tower and ask for separation!
Vor 3 yearsGeorge B
Julian Neale Wow! talk about first hand experience! It sounds like your lucky to be able to tell the story. That's HEAVY duty dude! 😄✌🇺🇸
Vor 3 yearsM.J. Leger
You must have been at a military airport. Herc's and Spectre's don't land at civilian airports. And they fly different vectors than civvies! You should have "learnt" that in the beginning of your instruction and certainly learned it well by the time you solo. (Over-confidence kills, and NO pilot worth his salt "throws airplanes around the sky!")
Vor 3 yearsJames S.
I always thought "heavy" meant the plane was in some sort of distress. Like having to make an emergency landing with full fuel tanks.
Vor 11 MonateAmlan Gupta
I believe the B-757 also uses "Heavy" in communications even though a Medium category due to its very strong wake.
Vor 3 yearswillyt
B757 is NOT a Heavy.
Vor 2 yearsTheSpatulaCity
Thanks for this info. I'm definitely not a pilot, but I always thought it meant that there were passengers on board when they announced heavy.
Vor 2 yearsCommunism is Evil
Very interesting explanation. I thought all planes were heavy! I hope the aviation industry will sort out woke left turbulance! 😆
Vor yearDeresolute
How. That’s amazing how wake can flip a small plane like that. Lots to be learned when it comes to aviation.
Vor 3 yearsBrams Rockhopper
Concorde: the most beautiful form of transport ever designed by mankind. A true beauty and sadly missed. My dad worked as an engineer on the development of Concorde and he was devastated when it was grounded. I watched part of the last flight and it was like watching a beautiful bird fly high and free before being shot down by some dumb idiot with a gun. I love that you still miss it :)
Vor yearRon Inauen
Hello Capt Joe just a note to say I really enjoy and appreciate your channel keep up the great work..😊
Vor 2 yearsD F
I was in a small plane as a passenger once that hit wake turbulence. The plane rolled 45 degrees right then quickly rolled 45 degrees left before leveling. I didn’t realize what happened at the time but the panic in the pilot’s voice certainly didn’t help 😂
Vor yearJim McDiarmid
Happened to me on a regional jet out of JFK, takeoff after a long line of larger aircraft, rocked our plane for about 5 seconds. I thought we were going down
Vor 8 MonateLukas Cavigelli
Do winglets have a significant impact on these turbulences? If so, is this even reflected in the categories?
Vor 3 yearsArjun Das
Hey joe, how the fighter jets elude this wake turbulance?? Because I saw group of them flying really close in different formations in many videos..
Vor 2 yearsMichael Bujaki
I'm not Joe, a pilot or an engineer, but I am read up on military aircraft. Most military fighter jets are inherently unstable, which allows them to make sharp turns. However, it means that humans are not able to fly them on their own. As a result, they have flight computers that automatically adjust the control surfaces to keep the plane flying as instructed by the joystick inputs. This takes into account the inherent instability of the fighter jets as well as any turbulence that the plane may encounter.
Vor 2 yearsJan F
It makes so much sense the way you explain things. I never thought I needed to know this, but so glad I do now.
Vor 11 MonateCassandra Ralph
Most educational indeed! Thank you so much!
Vor 2 yearsEllis C. Foley jr
Seriously I really learn a lot from Captain Joe's explanations . as often as I've flown commercial or private I have often wondered about a lot of things that I know are going on but do not understand. he answers those questions for me. even though I am a layman-nonpilot I do have and interest and do care. Thank you Captain Joe for taking the time to do these video's even for us "poor souls" that sit on board trusting our pilots and copilots.
Vor yearSam Duru
I always wondered about why they say heavy. thanks for explaining to me in plain language. I almost felt I can be a pilot under your tuition. :-)
Vor 3 yearsClaudio Capurso
Marty: Whoa, this is heavy. Doc: There's that word again: "heavy." Why are things so heavy in the future? Is there a problem with the Earth's gravitational pull?
Vor 2 yearsOldMech
I saw a dog run onto the runway at LAX 24L. Yep, a B767 was taking off. The dog went in the air 20 feet, spun 2 times. He died. The wing vortices are really powerful. Deadly.
Vor 2 yearsRoaming Adhocrat
8:00 There's "high tow" as you describe, "low tow" where you fly below the propwash. Sometimes preferred as there's less danger to the tug pilot (if the glider pulls up, it lifts the tug's tail, sometimes causing a fatal dive). Training exercise is to "box" the tow plane's wake. Also to fly into the wake so the trainee knows what it feels like to sit there. Do you put minor mistakes into all the videos so folk can pedantically correct/expand in the comments and drive up engagement?
Vor 2 yearsRay Smith
Great video, thanks. You helped me understand something that I''ve always been curious about.
Vor 2 yearsElli P
Another excellent factual video. Thank you!
Vor 3 yearsBolton Bolt
A glider flier a little higher that the tug plane so that it does not get destabilized due to the wake turbulence of the tug plane. Also this is why the tail horizontal stabilizer (the one with the elevators) is sometimes placed higher than the main wing or have a dihedral or anhedral to get out of the way of the wake turbulence caused by the main wing.
Vor 3 yearsPhil Courteney
So, comment from a dumbass meatbomb (skydiver), when we fly multi plane drops, the rear aircraft sits slightly BELOW the lead aircraft to avoid wake turbulence and falling into the dead air (cavitation), if anyone remembers the vids from a few years back where two jump planes collided while jumpers were climbing out? Rear craft was aft and up of lead craft. Is this not the same for gliders due to aspect ratio/wingspan/other fluid dynmagic? *Edit* still not clear on this, I'll shut up and do some research!
Vor 3 yearsalthalus401
@charles becker Tailplane anhedral is used to increase pitch down elevator authority at high angles of attack, high alpha in todays parlance. It ensures that at least part of the elevator is not in the dirty air of the wing, so the answer to your question would be yes. One of the best examples is the F4 Phantom. A T tail has the same effect and is fitted to a large number of modern gliders for that reason and it lessens the opportunity for damage when landing out in unprepared fields.
Vor 3 yearscharles becker
Is this why the Martin flying boats of WWII had such a severe dihedral in the horizontal stabilizer?
Vor 3 yearsalthalus401
The glider flying above the towplane to avoid wake turbulence is not strictly true. There are two positions, high tow, which is just above the prop wash of the tow plane, and low tow which is just below the prop wash. High tow is normally used for launching and low tow used for cross country tows. Personally I remain in high tow for the early climb and then switch down to low tow for the climb. With modern gliders the low tow position tends to be more stable and lessens the likelehood of losing sight of the tug, very bad news as the immediate action if you do lose sight of the tug is to release.
Vor 3 yearssoaringhal
Most modern gliders have their horisontal stabilizer mounted high for several reasons, main reasons being: 1 - Fewer parts and simpler connection / control hook-up when rigging/de-rigging 2 - Simpler structure = lighter parts 3 - Out of the way relative to tall grass / ground obstacles in the event of an outlanding and general ground handling. 4 - Stabilizer is kept outside the turbulence coming off the fuselage & wings. The tug do create wake turbulence but the glider need to be below the tug in order to feel it. The ideal position of the glider relative to the tug is in the direct line between propeller axis and tug stabilizer. In this position the tug pilot will feel very little, if any, vertical pull from the glider trailing behind.
Vor 3 yearsARGreen93
I was in an A320 back in 2010 and we hit wake turbulence at high altitude. The plane dropped so fast that some passengers flew up from their seats. It was pretty scary mainly because there was no warning.
Vor yearzurdo
Thank you. Now I know what HEAVY means. QUESTION: What is the difference between Nautical Miles and Road Miles when one is driving a car?
Vor 3 yearsPataudi
Concorde, whether due to the speed or exerted weight, was always special. Missing Concorde a lot. Good vid
Vor 2 yearsEze Jay Chudi
Heck! I am not even a pilot nor do i know the location of the nearest aeronautical school in town but, I feel I could fly a plane from watching your videos :)
Vor 2 yearsMarin Quartel
07:12 "especially with passengers on board" 😂 I can see the panic😂
Vor 2 yearsAimPoint
When doing my first solo in a T6 Texan I did a loop and went through my own wake at the bottom of it. It scared me half to death because I had zero clue what just jolted my aircraft. I told my instructors what happened and they laughed at me and was surprised I must have flown the perfect loop. Anyone else experience this?
Vor 2 yearsRobert Campbell
Some pilots also say, "Far out," however, the tower controllers really want to hear how far out. Pilots have to be specific.
Vor 2 yearsjoslley holandes
hello captain joe, I want to know if the aircraft use the suffix heavy according to the weight they are carrying at the moment or even without considerable weight it remains heavy in the case of A330, and I also want to know if the B747-8 uses the super suffix like the A380
Vor 3 yearsTh3Shrike
Nice, this is one topic I been wondering about, please do more ATC terminologies
Vor 3 yearsanand maurya
Seems to be fond of ATC
Vor 3 yearsIndiana Daikee
I Agree :D
Vor 3 yearskletops46
That makes sense of the different times between aircraft landing/taking off that I watch as I'm stuck on the M25 near Heathrow.
Vor 2 yearswillyt
Good explanation of heavy jet separation. However, contrary to your explanation of a turboprop departing after a heavy, there is also increased separation when departing behind. Generally 4nm heavy after a departed heavy. And 5 nm for others after a departed heavy. Also, 2 minutes time may be used, but controllers usually use the RADAR separation as it is usually more efficient. If the pilot wants the 2 minutes, they should advise the controller BEFORE taking the runway.
Vor 2 yearsPhillip Mulligan
The day before an airshow several military aviations enthusiest and I were very close to the end of a runway where a C-5B Galaxy and AN-224 Mriya to fly in. Although we were in an unrestricted part of the airbase we were subjected to very strong gusts from the aircraft about 20 seconds after the airplane landed. The Mriya is the worlds heavies aircraft and it's wake turbulence was phenomenal even when you stand 1000 feet from the end of the runway. One guy standing on top of his truck got pushed off by the wind but fortunately was not injured. I miss the yearly airshow since that airbase was decommissioned.
Vor 3 yearsChris Browne
Great video. Do winglets make any difference to the severity of WT?
Vor 3 yearsLego Technic Creations
Hey Joe, how little is the gap between the turbine fan and the housing? It looks tiny. Also how far can wings actually bend in turbulence?
Vor 3 yearsLego Technic Creations
WS P Wow that’s one heck of a test. A lot more bending than I expected.
Vor 3 yearsHigh Alpha
Something which may be of interest also is these compressor rotor blades are manufactured from materials in their raw form. This allows the rotor blades to utilise the strongest covalent bonding of the materials at a molecular level. The result of which is the strongest rotor blade possible. Just a little thing I recall from my BGT theory days.
Vor 3 yearsHigh Alpha
This raises a very interesting point I hadn't ever considered. As the airflow passes beyond N1 and is compressed along the many stages of rotors and stators the blade tip vorticies must be immense and many to produce the lift/thrust that they do, especially as the compressors rotate introducing inertia of the airflow being spun away from the boundary layer of the rotor blades. Sometimes I'm just amazed and in utter awe of the engineering of jet engines!
Vor 3 yearsElektro Frosch
Well, I do have some knowledge about how the wings create lift and vortices but not so much about the wing bending. The only thing I can say about it is that it heavily depends on the specific aircraft (size, type of wings, etc.)
Vor 3 yearsmordikes
Thanks for yet another educational video. You’re awesome Capt. Joe.
Vor 3 yearsKiss Of Fire
And there was me thinking it was either a plane coming in carrying too much fuel, luggage and passengers. Or a mini emergency 🙈🙈. Thanks for the explanation
Vor 2 yearsAmalia Collins
Can fuel impact weight categorization? For example, if a plane that's normally on the high end of "medium" was attempting to land with extra fuel weight, could it add enough weight for them to declare themselves as heavy?
Vor 3 yearsFutziGratz
Quick question: does a windy day make any difference? I'm thinking of a side wind that would maybe move these turbulences away?
Vor 3 yearsEvan J
What about refueling aircraft? What is the technique or procedure for avoiding wake turbulence in this unique situation?
Vor 3 yearsGBigs Angle
Wake turbulence is most dangerous behind, under and at a 45 to the wings. Most dangerous on approach to land or on takeoff following a big boy taking off.
Vor 3 yearsJay Bee
@NASA JET PROPULSION LABORATORY 😑
Vor 3 yearsM.J. Leger
Fighter jets or recon aircraft approach and fly BELOW the tanker to avoid wing wake!
Vor 3 years0Myles0
Evan J - I like your avatar!
Vor 3 yearsaldo cesar Benega
That's the hardest part of the task.
Vor 3 yearsD
Just flew out of LAX and we watched from the taxiway as a a380 took off threw the low/thin clouds. It was pretty incredible to watch the size of the vortex that formed.was just like the video at 6:19.
Vor 2 years