It never stops to amaze me how one can build a detector for particles when we don't know what those particles are. It's like telling a person from the stone age to go and find metal.

Some stone ager did find metal, that is how the Copper Age began.

@@Foolish188 and that’s how the dark matter age of humanity will begin , dark tech ? 🤣

we know what to look for because dark matter interacts gravitationaly, which is a thing we can measure. it's like being blind but looking for the fire because it radiates heat.

More like telling a person from the stone age that they might get a shiny surface from heating up certain rocks hot enough. So long as they keep seeing rock after the fact, they will try to better insulate the rock or try to find other samples. When one finally melts, they may see a semi-shiny surface and assume, correctly, that they are close. They will likely then try to perfect smelting techniques to get a better finish/metal over time.

@@shukrantpatil I think they will just call it The Dark Age.😁

"Anytime an astrophysicist puts the word dark in front of something it means we have no idea what we're talking about" -Neil DeGrasse Tyson

Well, in this case the word 'dark' is actually before something so 🤓☝

@@superplaylists1616 Well, you failed to take into account that it is actually immediately preceding so...

@@superplaylists1616 Because that NDGT joke was directly pertaining to dark matter..?

exactly

Lots of people didn't know what they were talking about until they did. Some guy on the Internet.

I am never not amazed at just how much Humans are able to find with nothing but just thinking.

I am not at all amazed at myself for my unremarkable reaction to comments like this.

Humanity is truly amazing :D

@@Idellphany Just wait until AI gets its turn !

Only way some things exist in the world.

I like how so many experiments looking for high-energy particles boil down to looking for flashes of light in dark spaces.

Nicely put 😮

Scientist: Haha flashy light neuron activation

Imagine the aliens looking at us thinking we take we the real and visible for granted and we spend our valuable time and resources and lives on focusing on things like this

Thanks for sharing this. I went to the mine site when they made the announcement of its first stage completion. They wouldn’t let me in though 🙂

this comment needs more likes!!!

🙂

tf 🫠

pinn

Since we already know of particles that don’t interact with some of the fundamental forces, it makes more sense to me that there’s a particle that simply only interacts with gravity. Like, neutrinos only interact via the weak force and gravity, but we already know a lot about them; I doubt dark matter, if it interacted with either of the nuclear forces, could be so elusive.

What you said made a lot of sense, because still after watching the video I was confused. Thank you :)

But think about if a particle doesn’t interact with anything then it’s literally impossible to detect. If dark matter *only* interacts with gravity but on a minuscule level, then it’s going be incredibly difficult to detect on a small level. We’re only seeing the affects of dark matter on a astronomical level. Meaning it takes a ton of dark matter over a massive area to affect anything.

According to Tesla, there is no Gravity. Only Electro-Magnetism. And we know that it is not a Force, but rather an effect or a property of the matter itself. So in some sense your statement contradicts itself lol

Well, that's what's supposed to be the dark matter, a particle that can interact only with gravity

"It may elude us, but at least we tried." The essence of science in one sentence!

""" Our model of the universe can't be wrong. The evidence has to be wrong. """ Dark matter in a nutshell. Imagine talking about the essence of science in the meta of extreme cases of pseudoscience. Imagine saying the same when someone's experiment to find god failed. If there is no way to disprove something it has no place in science what so ever. Tell me how to disprove dark matter or accept that it is BS.

@@MegaBanne I don't particularly care if dark matter gets thrown out or not. If we can refine general relativity so dark matter becomes unnecessary to explain what we see, GOOD! We've got a better explanation than we do now. If one of these experiments actually pans out and finds the stuff, also good! More interesting things to investigate.

@@MegaBanne all models are wrong. Some are useful.

I would say the essence of science is learning. If we try, but don't learn, it's kinda pointless, right?

If Dark Matter didn’t interact with itself at all aside from gravity, wouldn’t it end up piling together into singularities in places? If there aren’t repelling forces to keep particles from occupying the same space?

Could be

Okay so exposition time from someone who's currently working on dark matter densities. If dark matter does interact with itself, then yes there would be the dark matter equivalent of friction and dark matter would slowly migrate to already dense places in the Universe. This is because friction is the result of particles colliding/interacting and re-distributing their energies, and changing the energy of a particle alters its trajectory. However, we have no evidence (that is significant and that I know of) for this dark matter self-interaction. Think back to the Bullet cluster example. If the dark matter did self-interact significantly, it would have behaved more like the ordinary matter; colliding and getting stuck in the middle. This didn't happen, and instead the dark matter clouds passed through each other completely unfazed. No significant self-interaction means no way of re-distributing energy, and thus dark matter particles don't alter their trajectories once they're on a set path. This means that the only dark matter particles that would end up in singularities, are the ones that were already going to collide with one head-on, and the radius of no escape from a heavy object is very small compared to the rest of the Universe. So yeah, that's why we have dark matter zipping around all over the place.

@@paulthomas963 Curious, why do you think forces arent carried by particles? And why do you think degeneracy pressure should be a fundamental force when its just an extreme manifestation of the pauli exclusion principle but the Strong/Weak forces shouldnt be fundamental forces when they describe how atoms stay together?

Hấp dẫn! 💪📢

gravity itself, we observe space-time curvature. in a group of billions and billions of stars, that ákes a lot of curvature, including a slower time, slower speed, hence the center of galaxy appears in sync.

So, a year down the road since this was posted now: have they been able to reach any sort of conclusion in Melbourne? Thanks for updating us, Derek.

They only started data collection in early 2023, so it's probably going to be a while before results are published. Moreover there are other experiments trying to replicate the DAMA/LIBRA results, and one from south korea (COSINE-100) managed to "in a way" replicate the results. I put this in quotation marks because with their initial data analysis method they got a null result (aka: they found no signal whatsoever) but then they took their data and analyzed it with the somewhat particular data analysis method DAMA/LIBRA used in their publications and "found" a signal as well. Problem: This COSINE-100 signal is almost the inverse (the phase is flipped) of the original DAMA/LIBRA signal, so this is no good news for the dark matter theory as it might be some other effect. Or even worse, the signal might have been induced by the data analysis method itself and be completely arbitrary (low frequency noise generated by the photo multiplier tubes that is not modeled/compensated correctly). For more info just google "An induced annual modulation signature in COSINE-100 data by DAMA/LIBRA’s analysis method", the paper is freely available, short, and the non technical part relatively easy to understand

​@christophmayer3991 Thanks for the updates!

I have a ton of respect for Dirk but the way he butchered the word "Dunkle Materie" is really hilarious. I was listening to it without watching and then checked my phone screen to look how the word looks and i cracked up 😂

As a German i can confirm that the pronounciation is completely wrong

I knew that someone pointed it out in the comments xD

Kinda hurt my german speaking soul

Veritasium.. outstanding work. Really well explained and I truly can't help but respect the fact that you actually reference your sources in the description, instead of just saying "facts" which other channels seem to produce with no attempt at reference. Thank you and great work!

or simply put the detectors range is less then they realize and as the earth orbits around the sun earth gets close enough to detect dark matter well and then scan results drop off as we get further away from it

@@raven4k998 uhh?

@@CamFlies yeah I know our dark matter detectors have a limited range if that's the case or it could be a black hole and as the earths orbit brings it close to it that's setting the detectors off and they drop off as we orbit away from the hole during the year you know fun times

@@raven4k998 I fail to see the relevance of your comment to mine tho lol

​@@raven4k998What does it have to do with the main comment ._.

Whoever took those points on the original wave and connected that with to dark matter is a genius

"But at least we tried." What a great moment to end the video. That we may never discover the answer to some of our biggest questions, yet try anyway, is the core essence of scientific inquiry.

Its one hella cost research tho

@@cheezynachos9668 yes but finding answers on that scale is more than worth it. Even if it takes generations to find out

I liked that too. Cheers.

Ehh! He's a flip flop. Especially by discounting legitimate Dark Matter observations like random Gravitational Lensing. He doesn't even mention it. It's clearly something and isn't bound by a name. Whatever this stuff is if harnessed would make that hologram Jaws in Back to the Future 2 possible and completely replace VR and monitors. The possibilities are endless. Flying Cars would be made possible too and making heavy objects (like buildings) very light.

Just a little geographical correction: this laboratory is not in the Italian Alps, but in the appennine, under the "Gran Sasso" (literally "big stone"), the highest non alpine Italian mountain

Yeah I'm going to Alps soon so I wanted to find where it is but I couldn't find a trace of it being in the Alps anywhere in the internet. Such a blunder by Veritasium

@@mr.rabbit5642 Actually it's in the Dark Italian Alps. No surprise you didn't find it.

@@Kansoganix pretty sure they re called appennines

@@Kansoganix "..nobody have been yet able to find it" :D

Mount Etna is the highest non alpine Italian mountain

Bravo to Veritassium and all the scientists involved. This is really exciting. We're born in this universe full of secrets, and we are unveiling them, one by one.

i've lived near the italian detector for years and it is absolutely amazing to discover so much time later what did they do and discover inside that laboratory. There is a gallery which passes just trough the gran sasso and in that you can see a door with written "INFN Laboratory". I've always been curious to discover in what is at the other side of the door but it is almost impossible to enter in there whitout any specific pass.

Great video Derek! I love how Geraint F. Lewis sums it up at the end. Thank you also for leaving the clips of how emotional scientists can be with their pet projects - good to remember.

This video was very informative and entertaining. I learned a lot about dark matter and the experiments that are trying to detect it. I especially liked the part where you explained how the SABRE project works and how it uses crystals to measure the recoil of atoms. The animations and visuals were also very helpful and engaging. Thank you for making this video and sharing your knowledge with us!.

Had a good friend working for his PhD for the Italian side of the project. The material science is insane. They used copper from old sunken ships for a lot of the hardware, because it is way less contaminated with radiation. Super interesting projects and marvelous engineering

That's so cool!

It is steel that they use from the ships that were sunk before the nuclear tests, or any iron that was made before then.

You made me post my first youtube comment. Ever. ;) We use lead from sunken Roman ships. But that's super rare, so it's really only used in the CUORE experiment for some of the shielding, and for soldering stuff in some specialized applications, such as in CRESST. Old iron is too brittle. And copper can be made extremely clean using electrolysis (and even cleaner doing the electrolysis underground)

BOLLOCKS

Wow

That ending statement is powerful. Sometimes there will never be enough evidence for an absolute certainty. At least not in this timeline

Really loved this one, not only this being a question that has been haunting humanity for years but to see the excitement of the scientists in the field of study. I'm excited to see the result of the mirrored Dama/Libra! It might just indicate that they've been dectecting something else but the mere possibility that it will give similar results to its sister machine is life-changing.

An interesting experiment would be to put an observatory either opposite the earth’s orbital location to see if the period is observed and off by 180 degrees. Or even putting one at the L4 or L5 Lagrange points

but how did they are going to remove the backgorund noises (muons, radioactivity) if they put that up oin the space?

@@atrspeed92 true, Edit: we just need to find the right nickel-iron asteroid to hollow out for shielding a similar sensor at its core.

The correlation between the dark matter peaking in june and November and the increase in chances of getting hit by a meteor during those same months is spooking me out 😮

They literally explained it tho if your flying through space faster your way more likely to hit things than when you go slowly lmao

Some things are coincidentally similar, though

@@matthewplizga1920 Eh but aren't you more likely to avoid getting hit by things too, because you could get out of the way faster? Also consider this: it's a well-known idea that if someone is trying to shoot you, run in a zig-zag, not a straight line. Doesn't matter how fast you run, what makes you an easy/hard target to hit is the direction that you're moving. My point is that there are more factors that can affect how easy of a target Earth is -- not just its speed.

@@suubisuubi No. Moving faster through space makes you more likely to impact stuff. This is a well established principle, there's plenty of videos and explanations on it with good visuals. Zig-zagging doesn't matter at all, so long as the speed remains constant. Also, meteors don't aim themselves. They just exist in space at some velocity, and if earth exists near them, they will impact earth.

More people outside during summer?

Man, the quality of your content sets the bar and then some! Keep up the great work and congrats on the recent collaborations too!

The deeper you dive into physics and cosmology the freakier it gets.

And none of it matters at all....

Same goes for YouTube. ;)

@@bowhunter8532 *matters* (physics joke)

I appreciate the research and information you provided in this video. It's enlightening and thought-provoking. Thanks for sharing!

Very interesting video as always :D Just wondering why you don't put german stuff like "Dunkle Materie" into a speech/translation programs, so you hear the correct pronounciation - or just straight up use an audio clip of that program, if it is too hard to speak (I know it's not the easiest to pronounce foreign languages myself haha). Cheers :3

This is the literal frontier of science. This video is attempting to explain what we as an entire human race cannot currently explain or understand at the moment. The crazy thing is it only takes one human or other being (who can say really) to encounter this enigma and go oh I know what’s going on here and unravel it all. God I really hope I’m alive to hear the explanation or even better be part of it.

If this is the literal frontier of science, my question to you would be, what is the virtual or imaginary frontier of science?

I like the way Neil deGrasse Tyson theorize what dark matter might actually be. Maybe there's other dimensions that exist slightly out of phase of us and the gravity is the only thing that bleeds through

@@philobetto5106 😅🤣😂 now that is funny. Thank you for that and don't lose your sense of humor.

​@@cannibalcrow7524 I couldn't if I wanted to what Being funny does for me is like what makeup does for ladies.... lmao!

There is no such thing as "existence out of phase". That is a science fiction concept.

0:47 The Dama/Libra is under the Gran Sasso mountain chain in Abruzzo, actually it’s the highest mountain in the Appennini. The Alps are located in the northern Italy going from est to west, the Appennini divides Italy in two going from north to south (starting roughly at the border of tuscany and emilia-romagna and ending with the Etna). The lab where the Dama/Libra is locates is called INFS (istituto nazionale fisica nucleare) and they also tested neutrinos’ speed with the CERN in Ginevra. Best regards from Montorio al Vomano, 20 minites away from the mentioned lab!👋🏼

Tuyệt vời! 👌🎉

Anche se sono un italiano non so quasi niente di geografia italiana, quindi quando hai menzionato il nome della catena mi è venuto in mente monopoli e basta, almeno le regioni le so 😅

"It may elude us, but at least we tried." That right there is what science is all about. Loved that quote.

Having evolved as sentient beings, in a universe where some things might never be detectable or provable, is the ultimate cosmic irony.

That's one of the great things about science: even if an experiment fails, it may still be a win because of the interesting data gathered in the process which in turn may lead to fascinating new discoveries. So the most important science quote isn't "Heureka!", but: "Hey, that's funny..." - because that's how _every_ expansion of knowledge begins. 🙂

ok

Luminiferous aether has eluded us for almost 200 years.

But when you are well and truly aware of the electric universe model, it is pretty much the dumbest statement ever.

WOW Derek what a brilliant, easy while thick, luminous while talking darkness, open episode of Veritasium You did! Simply Thank You. In the first animation you answered so many 'never dared to ask' questions i had about motus, speed, momentum of the Solar system travelling through empty space, and in the end a clever openess: let's see 🙏🏻❤️

This is an incredibly oblique yet straightforward comment, bulky in the edges, yet so thin in the middle. I almost couldn't see it even though it was so large.

Not only is this extremly interesting but the editing is top tier. 15 min flew through and at the end I was asking for more… when some video are not even 10 min long and feels like eternity even though they talk about subjeçt that interest me… great job 👍

If I could choose the name for dark matter, I would call it Abzu. In summerian mythology it was the primordial water between the earth and darkness, from which everything originated

Has it ever occurred to anyone that dark matter could simply be the galactic core pulling space into it the way it does matter? That may also explain dark energy. If every galaxy is pulling space into it, space itself would be stretched between galaxies, creating the same red shift effect that dark energy creates. So basically there could be a single mechanism creating both dark energy and dark matter

Gravity in the direction of the galactic core would not explain the effects of dark matter. It's the wrong direction. You're not really thinking, are you?

The idea of a "dark standard model" is so interesting. The more we know, the more we realize we don't know. The rabbit hole is truly endless.

It's comforting to know that this kind of research is being done. The kind that doesn't have any clear economic purpose, but instead is just for the sake of the pursuit of knowledge.

This is a very important point! It's not obvious that a civilization would pay for this.

amen brother

Billions of dollars in grant money is not economic to you then?

dark matter is actually just the medium in which consciousness exists, aka it is the soul. that is why it can be found in mountians/ancient volcanos where xinu deposited souls at the beginning.

I honestly think there’s an alternate theory of gravity. There’s some constant or something that is negligible or zero in most cases but is inflated based on certain factors ... also because quantum gravity and classical gravity don’t line up. I find it likely we have something wrong there, and it’s probably at the same point.

My thoughts exactly. It seems to me far more reasonable to assume that we have it wrong than to assume the universe is full of matter we can't interact with.

Gravity might have a lot more than Newtonian mathematics ever covered. What if thousands of massive point sources, or millions... or, yes, billions and billions... act differently together than the assumed point source at the center Which is what Newtonian gravity math basically assumes. The Simple Model, as it were. Also, gravity seems to act odd everywhere, on astronomical scales. What about that?

not something i expected from someone with a creeper pfp

Look into plasma physics and the electric universe theory.

@@celloid5763 humans are complex beings so… I wasn’t expecting that either XD

8:56 I've always found it eerie that this classic picture of the CMB, which I first saw in college, years ago, has always looked to me so similar to an Earth map. It isn't perfect of course, but you can kind of see a space for the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, as well as areas for the continents, to a degree.

Coincidence? I think not! The earth is the universe confirmed! Space isn't real it's just a picture in the sky guys!

@@owenlangfield6097 I think what you mean is that space is not in any way like a convex geologic spheroid. Any similarity in these two maps would have to be coincidental.

@@david203 I think he's just trying to find a merry in this complex topic

“If we see something, then we’re all happy” - exactly how I remembered Elisabetta’s teaching 😁

I'm not really good with physic so could you explain for me, if possible how can black matter transfer its energy to the sodium crystal when earlier in the video you said that dark matter don't interact with matter. And I believe one of your example is when two galaxies collided the heavier part is on both end because dark matter just pass though other ordinary matter. I'm asking this question because I am genuinely curious about the topic, not to complain or anything. Anyway, the video is amazing and have a nice day.

You want to talk about feeling small and putting your day to day problems into proper perspective. Just listening to this and seeing what is going on all around us in space makes my mental heath, job, and social issues seem like nothing at all. Like there’s so much more out there than what my senses encounter during a single day. Just wow is all I can think to say.

Here's to hoping we get a dark matter detection in our lifetime! Cheers

There's more chance for us to find inteligent life in our own solar system than to find dark matter.

@@xdorijanx9 and where does that come from ?

Don't hold your breath

@@dannyarcher6370 Oooh, now that's fascinating.

Why? What are you gonna do with it? Sell it on ebay?

I had a thought, what if dark matterr isn't an object but a field of reality that we just don't know yet. We couldn't figure out why mercury had such a weird orbit. Some thought that maybe there was a planet inside the orbit of mercury. We had just found the last planet because of the same reason. However this was obviously wrong turns out the thing that was missing was relativity by Einstein. I feel that this is very close to what we have now.

My personal layman imagination is that when virtual particles come in and out existence is never really gone (matter that exists for short times inside of vacuum, and that hyper massive particles that exist for short periods of time when destroying atoms) Somehow us destroying atoms can actually turn the dark matter into matter we can actually interact with.

@@thricegreat7175 Its nowhere even close, those are 2 totally different 'ideas', and the only thing in common is they were presumably "everywhere, filling the void". Apart of it, it's like saying "the cable is the electricity"

I feel kind of like it too, I imagine Dark Matter like a "fluid" that fills the Fabric...

I find it interesting that we've never been able to measure dark matter yet we are so convinced there's 5x as much as normal matter.. like where did that number even come from

I created it

According to whatever the scientists have figured about velocity of the bodies revolving around in space, their mass is too less to keep up their acceleration, they need some extra mass for the same. And the calculated value of that extra mass is 5 times the mass of what we could see. That extra mass is what dark matter is.

He literally explained where it came from in the video

@@jatzi1526 he literally said "we've never been able to measure it"

@@typsyk.capone2916 He said they got 5x from measuring how fast galaxies spin and estimating from there across the whole universe. He also talked about turning the cmb into a graph and estimating the amount that way which also resulted in 5x. You aren't very good at paying attention to videos are you?

I go very far to try and understand things like this. But I've never been able to wrap my head around dark matter and dark energy. It just seems too out of place. Especially since we have yet to find such a particle (with the exception of neutrinos). I feel like there must be some other explaination.

The star Vs weight on a string is actually a genius visualization. I wonder where he found it or if he come came up with it himself.

It is a conventional visualization of the centripetal force--well-known at the introductory physics level of education. He came up with the objects and string himself.

But doesn't it fail to explain why the outer stars in a galaxy orbit faster? Like wouldn't this model just make *all* the stars orbit faster and thus not explaining the observation being discussed?

Human beings finding dark matter is the equivilant of a character in a video game being able to find the physical hardware doing the processing to create his pixelated world.

Prove it

Fall Guy

Whoa

Sometimes I feel ashamed to be a human, but sometimes I watch a Veritasium video and pride comes back. The means deployed to find the secrets of our universe are amazing. And it takes so much humility to say "it may elude us, but at least we tried"

yea you need to stop watching too much tiktok

Don't be dramatic

The atrocities and terrible treatment of one another are examples of the lows. Don't let those things distract you from the highs.

That is the human spirit we cant understand everything but we still want to learn

@@Prowamfordihno Hard not to be when you see how humans treat each other. Look around every once and a while and you realize we haven't evolved much past our ape ancestors.

My favorite thing in this video is that among the tests for dark matter listed, two of them are “Edelweiss III” and “Tesseract.” 😆

I like those names too

Tesseract is a 4D hyper cube 🧊

rewatching this after 11 months and the way Derek holds a camera in 14:17 makes me a bit nervous. otherwise one of my most favorite videos from Veritasium.

It is an amazing idea to use a thin line connect to different masses in the center with a star to illustrate the effect of dark matter.

I didn't see that anywhere in the video.

Check out 5:15

This channel is just such a gift.

"It may elude us. But at least we tried." And this statement alone should underpin everything we humans attempt in future. We learn more from our failures than we ever would with a success. Even knowing how something DOESN'T work is important. It closes off dead ends in learning and research. Every failure is important to learn from. Do not deride them, otherwise you avoid learning the real lessons.

Imagine that, scientists that aren't claiming they know everything... Big change from what we've been exposed to for the past 2 years...

@@Darkdaej Scientific Integrity probably demands to inform yourself about the current wave of anti-science and lgbt-hate, I'd argue. As if Science-Youtubers and Atheist-Channel werent alwready-and-anyway kinda closely similar, but now it's literally them who impose the issues dubbed 'Trumpism' and Extremism in general. Telltale Atheist informs/warns about LGBT-Issues, so?

@@loturzelrestaurant First...No they aren't. That statement is laughable. Second...kinda off topic, no?

Can you please explain why in the case of the colliding clusters we should expect that most of interacting gas would remain in between the clusters? I would expect very few of the atoms of gas to interact at all or be slowed down because they are so small and so far apart that the gas is nearly a perfect vacuum. Also gas clouds are tend to exist in clumps which means clumps are more likely to completely miss the other clumps entirely because there would be more gaps between the gas clouds.

I hadn't watched this video until today but I downloaded brilliant about 2 weeks ago. I thought it was a cool coincidence. Love the app and the video.

I always wondered how they'll go about (dis)proving its existence, since I assumed that we had no devices to measure it.

If I just watched this a week before, I would've gotten a couple of extra points in my physics finals.

Seeing this again, there's also a detectional difference. When speed of the Earth varies being highest in June and lowest in november, anything moving through the electrical circuits along those same paths also changes. Minutely but yes, yearly.

I imagine scientists made out of dark matter are setting up similarly complicated experiments to try to detect this mythical "regular matter"

😂

I love the idea that their world has played out so exactly the same as ours that they actually have the same English language, except by some quirk they call themselves "dark matter" and call us "regular matter"

That's racist.

we would be like dark matter to them

Dark matter doesn't interact with itself so I don't think it can form the same structures as ordinary matter

Great presentation of experiment and theory! For additional complexities see Sabine Hossenfelder "Dark Matter: The Situation has Changed", made a few months earlier.

Yes. Each video on dark matter gives part of the entire picture.

One of your best videos yet! Space theory feels so philosophical yet sciencey at the same time.

I love how the thumbnail implies that he has anything to do with any of this aside from just carrying a camera around like a good little boy

Is it not possible that dark matter could just be incredibly tiny, but otherwise ordinary, subatomic particles? Too small for it to be likely that they interact with anything else (light, other matter, etc.), but still there, and still creating a tangible gravitational attraction in large enough quantities

It’s crazy that at some point in the future, people will think that there was a point in the past,that humanity was calling …. dark matter!

As a german I couldn't help but burst out laughting when he mispronounced "Dunkle Materie" in every way possible, thoroughly enjoyed it.

It’s a really sad world where people just don’t give a damn if they butcher your language. Great job! It’s not like you can’t google the words for 5 seconds and check the spelling. Unsubscribed!

I was looking for that comment. I first thought it was some kind of French term until I realised xD

Yes! Lets undermine all his hard work to give us as much detailed information and a inside look at stuff we the common people would NEVER have a chance, because he botched a word not of his native tongue! Ingenious!

sehr lustig

@@oOQCLQOo the spelling is correct - just the pronunciation is far off. It is funny - nothing more.

Quick thought: When you mentioned how dark matter only interacts with things through gravity, it got me thinking about the quantum theory of gravity and the theoretical graviton. If we can directly detect dark matter, then it could in theory also prove the existence of the graviton particle and create a quantum theory of gravity.

I don't see how that can possibly be true. Can you explain further, or was your quick thought the result of an equally quick physics education?

@@david203why do you have 112 comments on this channel and they’re all negative talking condescending? find some positivity in your life david.

When matter gathers due to gravity, as in galaxies or star systems, it usually forms a disc. If dark matter is only affected by gravity, why does it gather around galaxies in a spherical form and not a disc like all the other matter?

Asking the real questions. Also it doesn't gather that way because it doesn't exist. Simple as that!

@@batencheetos It doesnt gather the same way because its literally missing 3 out of 4 of the fundamental interactions, and it most likely does exist, we can literally measure its density

@@RP-vi8fx Measuring dust. Dust has density. Not dark matter.

@@RP-vi8fx But the coalescence of galaxies is a gravitational interaction. The other three forces don't play any part in it.

the reason galaxies form a disk is the same reason that solar systems for a disc. At the start of the formation its not a disc but a chaotic (vaguely spherical) mess - and because of all the overlapping orbits of objects they bump into each other and fall to the centre until only a single dominant disc of orbits (that don't overlap with each other) remains. But since it seems that dark matter interacts only through gravity, even with itself, it can't bump into itself. The same way the dark matter didn't bump into anything in the example of two galaxy clusters colliding and just kept going past the visible matter in the clusters.

Here's my final understanding of dark matter: You either collapse into a galaxy center (if too slow) or get flung out if too fast. Those that have done neither have their centripetal force equal to CoG and thus move at constant speed. Without dark matter: Not all speeds are equal. Towards the center, your constant speed is faster than that outward. With dark matter: Something like an umbrella reaches out radially to pull stuff inwards. It's force is proportional regardless of your distance from the center. Stars with not enough centripetal force get sucked in. Survivors rotate at constant speed. However, since this umbrella radiates equally in all directions outward, survival Speed is the same at all levels regardless of your distance from the center. 6:02

I've never been a big believer in dsrk matter. It seems more reasonable to me to assume that general relativity represents an incomplete theory of the macroscopic universe. I don't find the evidence for dark matter to be very compelling.

i tend to like the idea that we dont actually know anything at all and just think we do and because we cant explain why we dont know things, we assume things that are not true.

I normally watch you on my phone. But yesterday I walk in our living room and there you are in big screen TV, my grandson watching & listening to your every word! That's when we found out we both followed you on YouTube! Your def multi-multi-gen, he's 11, I'm 63 - and we now watch together during his annual summer vacation with us! Great work! Priceless memories and conversations!

Wow! Great story!

Beautiful! My 4 year old daughter loves to watch "space videos" before bed and it's the best thing in the world.

I'm so happy for you and your grandson. You both have someone to share ideas and theories. I start sharing mine with people and they usually tune out or get bored. You're both blessed to have each other. Now, to the observatory! :)

I'm 75. Appeals to all, new brain or old.

This is so beautiful! I hope my daughters inherited my interest in anything (Astro)physics. In a few years I will know. And you and your grandson discovering this by accident is a great story.

@7:30 He did a really good job of explaining both of the theories without bias

Your videos always amaze and inspire me. Thank you.

What if we did a similar experiment. Only this time, we put a person who is about to die inside, and see if there are any changes? The idea being to look for a soul. I know is far fetched, and you would have to find someone willing, but "maybe"?

At the end of the video the dude is asked about dark matter interacting with regular matter, but I thought the only way for us to explain the existence of dark matter is through the fact that it is somehow interacting with normal matter through gravity (ie: stars on the outskirts of a galaxy moving at the same speed as those closest to the center.) What am I not understanding?

the power of deduction and logic in science is so incredible to see!!

and then the acknowledgement that the universe may not be entirely logical according to our standards is interesting.

As a german speaking person i think your pronunciation at 4:15 is EPIC. Still more than wrong :D Jokes aside as always an incredible video

Was about to comment this aswell :D

Just looked in the comments for that reason 😝 Sounds more French than German I think (as a native German speaker)

It's just beautiful. Duncle Muttery.

he pronounced it like it was french ... but people in switzerland also speak german (sort of :P)

should be Duhn-kleh Mah-te-ri-e

"You see it everywhere and it's highly interactive" 🤣 This is one of the best segues I've heard in a while

What if the edge of galaxies hold an electromagnetic boundary reducing effects from beyond that point making things harder to get in or out of. The reason the outer most matter is just as fast as inside is the same reason the Nascar driver did a wall ride.

Lately, everytime I see your videos (which are super amazing by the way :P), I can't stop thinking of these BTS shots 14:17 There is always one shot where we see you filming and as a filmmaker myself, I'm always baffled by the stability of your shots, even when holding very awkwardly your A7sIII 😅 I bet you disabled IBIS and then use the Catalyst Browse stabilisation ? 🤔 But anyway, ou must be an amazing surgeon, because your hands are steady as granite 😳! And this pose particularly, is insane 🤣 I use the A7IV, and I only wish I could manage to be this stable, even with a gimbal xD

3rd comment: It was really cool to see the physicists excitement at the end of the video about the notion of an entire system of particles we have yet to discover.

there is one other issue as well: we could have it slightly wrong with current physics (and yeah we made mistakes before) and therefor we calculate everything wrong resulting in this issue without there being dark matter at all... just our understanding of physics is slightly (or more) off... and one day people look back and think "uff where they stupid"... I mean when we see how many people act selfish and greedy... and that in a way that it's only harmfull and the level of greed doesn't even support them but backfires if overdone... and that's just one simple thing... or like we are not even able to live together in peace... no we need to defend our standards and make war... we even forge wars to defend that standards... standards we KNOW we can't keep if everyone wants them... so we even put ourselves above other humans... but yeah we are so smart... we are not... human race is sadly a joke for the most part... a sad joke...

I'm a PhD candidate working on DM and I think this video was great. I see so much discussion online where people assume scientists are just being narcissistic when we assume DM exists and that it must be like the new version of luminiferous ether theory, because they're not in tune with just *how much* **independent** evidence we have that is cleanly explained by particle DM. My only gripe with the entire video would be that I wish you had mentioned specifically that the idea of a particle "we can't see" or being "dark" isn't absurd in the slightest--I think part of why laypeople have gripes with the idea is that they think it's absurd that we could just posit something "invisible" is there. In reality, we already know of MANY particles that are similarly "invisible"--like neutrinos! In this context, "invisible" just means "doesn't interact with light" which is precisely true of neutrinos, and yet we are bombarded with trillions upon trillions of solar neutrinos every second from the sun. Unfortunately, we are not so lucky that DM is as easy to detect as neutrinos :)

My prediction: A simple discovery by the JWT will finally put an end to DM. Better have a backup plan.

Fascinating!!

Though, something does not exist until it is proven to exist. It is possible we will "will" dark matter into existence because of how well the concept fixes our problems, but it is due to something different entirely. All so fascinating.

This is not just about it being invisible but also intangible and only interacting through gravity.

I just watched the gravitational stuff in the "World's strongest magnet" video and it made me consider the cosmic microwave background. You mentioned the temperature changes, and about how light could permeate the universe (sorry, I am no physicist), but would this be the Eddy currents creating tiny temperature variants as things blasted in and around the dark matter (gravitational interation)?

Reminds me of the math video, about how there are some truths that have no proof. Perhaps dark matter is real, but we can never prove it’s actual existence.

Imagine scientists putting million dollars and time into it and just discovers "gravity" was a dark matter too lmao

"absurd" is completely the correct term to describe dark matter.

Veritasium makes science fun and exciting to learn

Fascinating! Also, whoever is doing the visuals for Veritasium is doing an amazing job! The charts, the 3D models, and the animations look extremely well-done and really help you to understand the idea behind it. Cheers! Edit: thanks for the grammar lesson

Ivy Tello and Mike Radjabov are legends!

“Look well,” you say? I don’t know how a graph is capable of looking at things.

@@loganroman5306 Ah you're that guy

@@loganroman5306 At least he didn't say "They look sick." ;-)

Ye

As the person in the mine mentioned, there may be an entire standard model of particles that make up the "dark matter" continuum. If so, then could those particles that make up, let's call it Standard Model Prime (SM'), interact with the other particles in SM' like our SM particles, creating an entire universe of galaxies, stars, planets, and possibly even people in the SM' universe? If so, and the calculations and observations say the amount of DM is 5 times that of our SM universe, then perhaps there is a SM' universe and 4 more universes full of particles in their own standard model, SM'', SM''', SM'''', and SM''''', or Standard Model Prime to Standard Model PrimeX5. One could conclude that our gestalt continuum consists of SIX separate universes, each with their own Standard Model of particles that interact within their universe, but only interact with each other through the distortion of the continuum that we call gravity. Thus, the multiverse theory could explain the existence, and the lack of interaction between the six distinct universes made up of the six sets of Standard Model particles. Why SIX universes? In a three dimensional continuum that we find ourselves part of, there are SIX directions: X+, X-, Y+, Y-, Z+ and Z-. So each universe corresponds to a different "direction", and universes on different "directions" don't interact except for distortion of the continuum, i.e. gravity. Please feel free to fire at will. I've spent all of 20-30 minutes on this deep analysis. 😀

I live in karachi Pakistan I like your communication

Как всегда, отличная работа

Kinda weird how seasonal depression alines with the graph. Dark matter brings me happiness.

Very nice video. One very pedantic note, at 0:53 and 10:11, you say "Dama/Libra" but show footage of the Xenon detector. Both are dark matter detectors located at Gran Sasso National Lab, so easily confused, but different detectors.

when i was a kid in the 90's i remember that they did something similar to hunt for neutrinos. Lot of deuterium in a mine and a big detector.

The idea for building a detector is similar, but the neutrino is part of the known matter. They were proposed in the 1930s and confirmed experimentally in 1956. They have very low mass and don't interact much with other particles. On the one hand that makes them hard to detect (like WIMPs). On the other hands it makes them interesting, because if we could build better neutrino detectors, we could learn more about the few big things in the universe that do influence them. With dark matter, we don't know what we are looking for. The elegance of the DAMA/LIBRE approach is that we don't need to know the details of the type of particle for the detector to work. It is built to detect a change in the number of interactions that correlates with the earth's orbit around the sun. It doesn't speculate much about what exactly causes the interactions. Unfortunately, so far it seems to tell us that we can't detect anything with the current generation of dark matter detectors, and the guys in Italy need to be more careful (and perhaps more open) with the data analysis.

Incredible video! Just a small detail: Gran Sasso (the mountain over DAMA/LIBRA) is not in the Italian Alps, but in another mountain range called the Apennines.

How did u even watch the video in 9 minutes?

@@isagiyoichi5207 my brother in Christ, 2X does exist

@@GiulioPiccinno the greatest gift given to humankind

Anyway he says it in the first minute

Maybe someone already answered this, but wouldn’t “dark matter” just be the black holes of each galaxy interacting with every other black hole along with all the massive dead stars that aren’t massive enough to be black holes?

It would be interesting to find that dark matter is real and we could use it to set out frame of reference to. For instance we could set an absolute for speed through the universe such as in use for spacecraft travel.

The dark matter of a galaxy would determine the same frame of reference as the ordinary visible matter of the same galaxy. Please get an education in physics before making proposals.

Or...There is a force that works like antigravity. Would also explain the physics without involving dark matter and dark energy. So this may be the reason we couldn't find anything

14:25 so this raises a question of my own. Does this mean that there could be dark matter "beings"? And if so could dark matter and "normal" matter beings interact?

No. And no. Think.

How do you think people who discover things that haven't "existed?" They think about what could be, and they look for that, in turn finding it. It's called a hypothesis

You should think David