Wow, this was incredibly insightful!

XD You're here too?!

wow chess itself amazing

do u know how magnus guessed the zapata vs anand game? it was literally 2 moves in and a petrov, which is a pretty common opening. i think im missing something lol

They got a channel

@Romer Rosales-Hasek ​ There's no other memorable game in a Petroff. Similarly had the position started with a couple of moves in the Philidor, Magnus would have said Morphy's opera game. I know these even if I'm just 1500. But make no mistake, Maggie can recognize some very obscure GM games

The four things are 1. Valid environment (chess is valid, roulette is random) 2. Many repetitions (predicting election results is hard as they are rare events with low repetitions vs. tennis shots) 3. Timely feedback (anesthesiologist gets instant feedback vs. radiologist gets delayed feedback) 4. Deliberate practice (practice at the edge of your comfort zone, identify weakness and work on it)

Thanks mate. Watched this vid a while ago, didn't take notes. Thanks to your comment I recalled everything again without the need to spend 20 mins again.

THE THUTH

Seem obvious when you break them fown

Thanks mate

@Kelly H it's in the description

"excellence is not an art, it's pure habit. We are what we repeatedly do" 20 points to whoever recognises the quote

Who's quote is it?

Aristotle

Art is some elite group of people's habit. Don't you get it now?

​@Fabian thanks. I know the quote but trying to remember who said it was gonna drive me mad

@Liz AnnaJames Clear - Atomic Habits ?

Become an expert: 1. Repeated Attempts with Feedback 2. Valid Environment 3. Timely Feedback 4. Don't Get Too Comfortable Build Long term memory: 1. Valid Environment 2. Many Repetitions 3. Timely Feedback 4. Deliberate Practice

This is easily my fav video on this channel, or anywhere really on the subject of learning and mastery. Its weirdly more inspiring than hour long talks you hear on this subject that's supposed to motivate you, but unlike those this is just 18 mins of hard-hitting concrete concepts that's proven to work. Amazing 🔥

Definitely the most objective and helpful video to date. Thankful for this too

I agree, we should all try something new and if we like it, no matter what it is, if it can be improved we should keep trying no matter how hard it gets

This reminds me of a book I recently read called "barking up the wrong tree." It demonstrates ways people can actually be successful rather than ways people think they will be successful. Only valid hard evidence as to what actually works versus what we think works but actually doesn't. For example, being told "good luck" is proven to actually raise test scores versus people who don't have someone tell them that. We would dismiss it but it's actually proven to raise people's success rate.

48 laws author Robert Green Wrote a book called Mastery that breaks down how having a concrete "Reason", calling, or emotional tie is the basis of all of this. Which is futher explored in "Start with Why" by Simon Sinek.

As a chess player I want to make a little correction. The feedback is not just winning or losing, but rather its cause and effect. Developing or leaving pieces in certain places leads to different outcomes as a butterfly effect. At first you cannot recognize what action or inaction caused the whole avalanche that leads to you dominating or losing, but with time you start to recognize for example that leaving your bishop over there always allows the opponent to attack. So your feedback is actually recognizing how patterns or moves lead to other patterns.

That is actually quite a good point. I am a beginner at chess and I am seeing more and more patterns, as well as the butterfly effect. It's really cool haha

I use the same concept to improve my skills in drawing realistically or learning music. I don’t watch tutorials, I pay attention to exactly where I went wrong and how I can improve it, targeting that specific weakness

@Kelly H What is from what book?

​@Daniel BurlesonCheck the likes again 🙂

@Sky Lord Panglot you have 500 likes when top comments usually have tens of thousands? Wow buddy, you're really bragging huh

The Four Things are: 4:55 1. Repeated attempts with feedback 6:48 2. Valid Environment 11:22 3. Timely Feedback 13:52 4. Don’t get too comfortable

This be it. 2x speed viewer come in clutch 10 mins after uplaod

why

@HDTomo i suppose they are an expert at this

@maruftim go at 2x the speed to learn 2x faster 😎😎😎

@HDTomo Seems legit

I worked as a cashier for a few years. I had to remember 100's of product numbers with up to 5 digits. first tryed to remember them all but its almost impossible. after some time, i call it muscle memory, i just remembered where i had to touch my screen and not the digits themselves. when colleagues asked me for a certain product i mostly couldn't answer but when i went to their screen i just typed in the number.

I have the same thing, but with a Rubik's Cube. Couldn't tell you how, I could just show you

I have a similar quirk with typing. If you swapped every key on the keyboard, I probably couldn't rearrange most of them into the correct spot from memory, but I still technically "know" where all of them would be when writing something.

I had a similar experience working for a shipping company where I had to memorize thousands of zip codes and categorize them. I did memorize most of them but you can't keep up unless it becomes pattern recognition.

My neighbour work in a photography studio and he is also somewhat similar. He can close his eyes and do the editing, copy-pasting, and all the other stuff without using the mouse a single time, that too at lightning speed.

to explain ​@Psychedelic Pain's statement, instead of thinking ‘oh T perm, means R U R’ U’.. (and so on),’ we rather think of it as ‘okay, wrist turns, index finger flicks..’

I find one thing in common in all these points: a strong and consistent two-way flow of information

what does it mean to have a "two-way flow"?

​@Vinícius de A Batista I hope my examples explain it well, since I couldn't create a good definition for this topic. Reading a book is an example of a one-way flow. You can read the book and take really good information from it, but if you don't understand something, you can't ask the book a question. A private class, on the other hand, is the opposite, for obvious reasons. But you don't always need a person for a two-way flow. Programming/coding can be a two-way flow if you are able to see what exactly your code does when it's running (for example, when using the debugger and knowing what information will help you solve the issue) rather than just getting a "success" or "fail" and trying to guess what the heck you did wrong.

@Lucio oh nice, thx

​@Lucio that's actually a better explanation

@Lucio It’s good explanation but further you could say it’s a two way linear flows.

Man. You just clarified a concept which I was struggling to understand for years. Literally years. You definitely deserve validation for your work. A big thanks to you.

@Kelly H ah interesting, does it have all the 4 concepts?

Language learning has to be the number 1 field to study expertise - pretty much everyone has put in multiple 10s of thousand of hours into it and almost everyone arrives at what is perceived to be an expert level. Compared to non natives, almost everyone is Mozart in their native language, we just don't see it because we're all at that level. You also have beginners learning as adults to study/compare. I'm convinced all the answers are to be found in how we learn language, which is to essentially live and breathe it all day, every day for many years, and many thousands of hours.

Yes, this is absolutely right.

Great point. A language is a representation of the entire world, with all of the complexity that entails... so it makes sense that, in order to learn a language well (as almost all of us do), the learning process must be proceeding optimally.

Not almost everyone is a Mozart in their own language… (As an example, consider how many people mix its and it’s) A lot of ppl are perfectly fine with being too comfortable regarding the practice of their mothertongue

​@CapitaineBleuten I said, "compared to non-natives." A well educated person, who speaks another language well, might use less frequent words that one might only use if they were subject to higher education, but that's usually just a translation from their own language. A lot of natives don't read and so therefore don't use such words, but _all_ of them, almost without exception, have ridiculously good flow and accent, and have the ability to say the same thing multiple different ways, effortlessly. For me, that's a sign of real fluency, when you have an almost endless well of combining words in multiple different ways to say the same thing. A native speaker will pretty much _always_ blow a non-native out of the water in that game. That's why they appear to be Mozart, because it appears so natural and effortless. As for 'it's' and 'its,' you're always going to be able to pick on one tiny detail that some people will never acquire, native or not. People from Essex, here in England, say "we was" ALL of the time, it's a HUGE error, but it's become acceptable in that part of the country. Despite that, I guarantee that ALL of those native speakers would seem like geniuses next to someone who has only had like 1/5 (or less) of the exposure (and worse quality exposure too) of the language as an adult learner. Obviously we don't see them that way because it's 'expected' that they're more fluent, but if you weren't aware of that fact, the native would appear to be ridiculously talented compared to the non-native. There are errors that are acceptable when you're a native speaker (granted, that 'it's Vs its' example probably isn't one of them, but it's common). The text books might tell you that it's wrong, but the people do it anyway. That doesn't mean that they're not insanely good at the langauge, unless you're strictly talking flawless, textbook grammar. Even in that case, I'd still back a native, with comparatively weak grammar, to do better with grammar (overall) than pretty much any adult earner.

What about the 'hardwiring' of language though? If I understand correctly its one of the skills for which we have some built-in capacity that isn't 'learned' (I'm a certified non-expert here hehe, so forgive me if I'm using the wrong vocab). Would this make it unsuitable as a model for learning other skills??

As a teacher, I think this info is so important. As students we are taught to perceive ourselves as one form of learning, instead we actually learn best from multiple approaches.

I remember they tested us all as whether we were kinesthetic, audio or visual learners. Luckily a lot of teachers pretty much ignored the results.

5:00 repeated attempts with feedback 6:47 valid environment 11:23 timely feedback 13:50 don't get too comfortable

0:00 beginning 8:59 middle 17:58 end

0:28 random number generated 4:30 random number generated 7:24 random number generated 12:56 random number generated

😂😂😂

you're a baller, king. added 18 minutes to my life from this summary. maybe you are actually a god and not a man. i already have a father but you can be my daddy

Thanks, I have seen this video a couple of times, but sometimes I just forget his exact wording. You just spared me the hassle of scrubbing through the video for a refresher.

Serious question: have you ever considered making a textbook(s) about the things you cover? Your topics are consistent, you're well sourced, the information is often novel or scarcely known, and extremely relevant for everyday life. The usefulness should exceed any school textbook I can name, even in post-grad.

I think there's another way to think about this A. Expertise is about recognizing the pattern B. Recognizing pattern comes from storing highly structured information in the long-term memory via FEEDBACK Four things it takes to store highly structured information in the long-term memory via FEEDBACK 1. Repeated Attemps (WITH FEEDBACK) - you must have some type of feedback first 2. Valid Environment (PROPER FEEDBACK) - the feedback should give you valuable lesson to improve the next time 3. TIMELY FEEDBACK 4. Deliberate practice (PROGRESSIVELY UPGRADE FEEDBACK) because overlapping & repeating feedback won't help you become better, it must be upgraded over time for new lessons, and hence improved expertise accordingly -> As you can see, it all surrounds feedback, which indeed, is the core of learning, recognizing pattern as we see in machine learning. After all, ti's about using feedback in the right way, right?

suy nghĩ bạn sâu thật đấy, cảm ơn b vì bài học giá trị

I like this way you broke it down 👌

Great one!!!!

The last part hit so hard for me, my grandpa is a very good musician, and he didn’t study music but his brother offered him a job as a pianist when he only knew the basics but he needed to provide for a family of 5 children so he took the job he played piano and organ every day for many for many hours, he told me that he didn’t like playing the piano but the few times I have heard him he plays extremely good and knows about a ton of stuff that not even my mother knew about, like when he was in my home studio he started patching my synth and started jamming and my mom was like you know how to used that? And he was like: yeah, and I hate it! I’m not sure what made him hate music that much he eventually bought a building and started renting apartments and sold all his instruments, but still getting out of his comfort zone made him a great musician

I studied and played chess for almost 7 years. Also, I already knew what chunking is. It was in our lesson in Cognitive Psychology. But I didn't realized that the reason behind chess players' memory and rapid evaluation were because of chunking. That experiment was really enlightening. Btw, the first position in the experiment was not really that hard since it is pretty common position. But the second one was like, man, I couldn't understand what was happening. It takes time to evaluate it.

what's your rating?

Probably daunting to someone who never played chess to remember so many pieces + positions. But it’s easier if u know the starting positions and how do pieces move and compare against them. So to players familiar with them then just left with remembering a few unusual positions, as well as which pieces were taken prisoner. (My rating is just 3 digits haha i can barely play the game but know most of the non-obscure rules)

@e0031959 yeah agree

The younger doctors being better at identifying rare disease is so true form my experience. I’ve recently been diagnosed with a rare disease, pfapa where I get random super high fevers, and at dinner during one of my sickness my cousin who’s soon to complete medschool said that we seriously need to start looking into the cause, and with helping me contact my doctor ordered a bunch of bloodwork. Later once the results were we were at dinner looking at them again and the doctors in the family were debating what it could possibly be and what do next I remember my cousin correctly identified it as pfapa about 7 months and 5 doctors before we found out for sure.

Hope you're feeling better. And if not, hope that you will.

@Caveman Hikes thx man, it’s slowly been getting better :)

Why did you call your dad a disease

I definitely prefer younger doctors for exactly the reason he mentioned

I recently had a MASSIVE argument with my university because they repeatedly did not provide any feedback to essays or exams. Just a mark and that's it. I backed my perspective with a ton of academic works on education, that I doubt any of them ever read. I'm going to show them this video. Because university courses that don't provide feedback are virtually useless.

Hopefully you got them feedbacks

Not to mention the occasional mistakes which in turn is an undetectable false feedback

They will point to #2 or #4. You point to #3 They will point you to your instructor's office hours.

I'll play devil's advocate and say that a normal university course is not trying to make you an expert at a skill. Reading about a topic and then writing your thoughts down will give you a level of knowledge about it that allows you to begin to think critically about it. It is only a starting point to becoming an expert, if you want to take that path. No one expects someone coming out of college to be an expert in anything.

​@Peter Quadarella quite a steep price for what's equivalent to watching a YouTube playlist or taking a Udemy course

I am interested in this from the point of view of becoming expert as an artist, specifically at fine art drawing. I agree that at the minimum, expertise requires that 10,000 hours be spent making drawings. But I believe that many, if not most, artists make the mistake of spending too many hours belaboring single time-consuming drawings. So they falsely imagine themselves to have made great strides towards expertise if they, say, slaved 100 hours on a single large drawing. However, my point is that they would be much more productive and gain skill much more effectively if they instead created 100 drawings taking one hour each. This is because each of the 100 different drawings should be expressly seen as opportunities to try something new or branch off creatively in a direction not tried before. That is the approach I use. I will sometimes spend hours on a single drawing, but in a given day perhaps I could start and possibly finish around six or eight new drawings, which can be finished later as time permits. Each one presses forward creatively in some new way. Over time, the thousands of hours effort gets applied, and still the many hundreds (even thousands!) of finished presentable drawings will accumulate. And, I do believe, real expertise will ensue.

I have found this video profile extremely motivating and insightful. And it immediately raises a question: how many people actually tried to pursue any kind of high-expertise field or career like that same chess playing or composing their own music after they had watched videos alike? That would be awesome to suppose that this piece of content is indeed that same feedback that helps improve 😉🤔

3:17 Patrones son la clave 4:40 para llegar a experto 7:14 Excelente ejemplo 14:23 deliberate practice 16:30 Recap

Very helpful. I find outside feedback is very important. Playing a game and winning or losing is feedback, sure, but it can be a very slow process to actually learn what you're doing wrong. For instance, I was playing an online FPS with some friends over the pandemic and I definitely improved but even when I was playing every day I never got great at the game... only passable. It's frustrating to not know what you need to do to improve

The pattern recognition became very clear to me when I learned Morse code. The human brain takes 50 milliseconds to process and understand a sound. People regularly send and receive Morse code at 30 words per minute, which puts the dit character and the gap between all characters at 40 milliseconds. So you literally have to process sounds faster than the brain can recognize them. Over time you start to hear whole words in the code rather than individual letters, but you still have to decode call signs character by character. You basically cache the sounds in your brain without processing them, and once the whole set of characters passes, your brain is able to turn it into an idea and add it to the stack of previous ideas while your ears are already caching the next set of characters.

It's even more interesting when you start learning the patterns to how people drive. You can pretty much predict what someone is going to do just based on how they position the vehicle. And being a bus driver it's a good skill to have. It's surprising how many people share the exact same methods of cutting into traffic or in front of a 20t vehicle that could squish their pathetic trucks. It's great for avoiding accidents on and off work. Truck drivers though... They can be 50/50.

This is the same as reading a word, rather than a letter... Its just using a different system (auditory, rather than visual). Our brains LOVE to group (or "chunk") things given the understanding and oppertunity.

I had a schizo co-worker one time who could pick snippets of dialog out of white radio noise.

@Skinovthe Perineum "Go into the light!"

@BUDA where did u learn morse code i wanna give it a try..?

This resonates with me so much! Really well structured and explained - easy to follow along and get the main points! So crazy how many times I've watched someone do something "spectacular" when in reality, the spectacular thing leis in their consistency to learning to recognize patterns. I definitely light up my drive for becoming an expert within my field of interest!

How excellent is that content, precise, concise and fun to watch. Great job and thank you !

I rarely comment on YouTube videos, but this might just be one of the best I've ever seen. I would say that it affirms your status as an expert communicator. So well done, thank you for sharing your insight

Great video! It's incredible how the points you have made in that video are valid for so many different areas. Language learning, lifting weights / losing weight / sport performance in general, university/job etc. All these things are based on these principles. I think consistency with a desire to improve is probably the main aspect. And be open for feedback. Also accept that there will be ups and downs. From my own experience, as long as everything is fine and goes well it's easy to stay consistent, but let's say you are training in the gym a few times per week and suddenly you experience an injury. Jumping back from that injury and then being consistent again, even though you'll perform worse than you have before, is the most difficult, but also most important part.

Key takeaway: To become an expert, one needs a valid environment, many repetitions, timely feedback, and thousands of hours of deliberate practice. Other key highlights: Expertise requires a valid environment with regular patterns to be learned. Repeated experience with clear, timely feedback is crucial for developing expertise. Professionals without repeated experience in similar situations may not be true experts. Low validity environments, such as stock markets, make it difficult to demonstrate expert performance. Immediate feedback helps improve performance, while delayed feedback hinders improvement. Deliberate practice, pushing beyond one's comfort zone, is necessary for developing expertise. True expertise involves recognition of patterns built through structured information in long-term memory.

4:03 - Definition of the expertise 5:00 - Repeated attemps with feedback 6:46 - Valid environment 11:21 - Timely feedback 13:50 - Don't get too comfortable

at which point is the definition of expert given?

Nice. That explains why people get easily into the habit of videogaming, which has all of these. Ergo, we need more educational games! 🤗

@0000song0000 honestly never even realised that! no wonder games are so addictive. it's like doing a hobby but since it's been specifially designed to do each of these things (cus of how they work) it gives way more dopamine than a less consistent "regular" hobby!

dont get too comfortable is the most important of the four

nice

I feel really rewarded by all the amazing content of this channel! You make a great service spreading knowledge, very much obliged. ❤️

i love this because its a broad skill it is adaptive i love videos like these we often make videos where we overlook concepts too much we forget main components just learning a new broad concept its very fun thinking of how much we have to learn sometimes we are just lost too deep in what we do its like looking down a sky scraper knowing how much we have

Fantastic video. I can confirm the "chunking" and "patterns" with classical music training. Classical music playing at the professional level requires internalizing hundreds of complex patterns of 2 to about 12 notes in a sequence (besides the thousands of hours practice to play in-tune, etc..), so we can sight-read any piece of music (even for a large ensemble together) written from the years c.1600 to c. 1910 - ish... playing up to 8-12 notes per second accurately. Classical players often balk at playing "new classical" music because modern composers often make up new patterns (or no patterns at all), and it forces the player to read each note carefully. Sometimes, each note has special written instructions, or new made-up symbols attached with lengthy descriptions. It frustrates many expert skilled players.. especially if they are underpaid for the time they have to spend learning it!

that's very interesting!

I love videos like this one, it makes us think about trivial things with more insight than we usually do.

04:56 1. Repeated Attempts with feedback 06:52 2. Valid Environment 11:23 3. Timely Feedback 13:46 4. Don't get too comfortable

I was looking for it...thanks

It's funny how many times this comment is repeated. I'm becoming an expert.

@13:00 how does that formula work

16:32 To build up memories (as an expert), it requires 4 things: - Valid Environment - Many Repetitions - Timely Feedback - Deliberate Practice

Would it be easier to say -practice a lot -with timely feedback -where the feedback is valid -and also when you practice drill down into what you are doing

That's pretty interesting that there's a term for "chunking" because I've been playing guitar for 18 years and I tell people all the time that the way I memorize songs is by visualizing melodic lines as shapes on the neck of the guitar. I never knew there was a term for simplifying complex things as more easily storeable memory

This is so accurate. One time I did 12 hrs. a day, 7 days a week of pedal to the medal (go as fast as you can as long as you dont tip over is what we were told) outdoor forklift driving. First time EVER touching a Forklift. Working at Welch's unloading trucks of grapes, dumping into a grinder, and putting the boxes back on the truck. I worked in the exact same environment you talk about, if you fucked up or did something stupid or slow, the farmers would roast your ass up and you be hearing about it until its fixed, they are pros at driving. You unload at least 1000 1 ton boxes per 12 hr. shift, and after about 500 hrs. of 12 hrs. EVERYDAY of my life, I started being able to beat my supervisors, who had drove for more than 20 years, I earned their respect, and they genuinely believed I had mastered driving, and it led me to a permanent driving position inside making good money. I was a good driver, but I wasn't allowed to go fast inside, and it was much easier.. I got worse. I broke my ankle moving a pallet and got fired. But I %100 believe this video because I never understood how I got so good so fast, but after watching this it makes sense.

This is one of the most useful videos I've watched so far. Thank you so much. Let's keep becoming experts at something. 💪🧠

I've heard the phrase "pure chess" from Magnus and Levy, and it makes me think that maybe for chess we need an advanced mode where computers generate via brute force some extreme positions where there's a maximal number of pieces on the board, a maximal number of moves into the game, and a maximal number of possible outcomes with both sides having equal chance of winning still. I think this would be a great starting point for a modern chess game that is in pursuit of the "pure chess" I keep hearing about. Let a machine find super complex positions for masters to compete as starting points from, instead of just the rote memorized game positions of which there are so many already. We should be seeking out a new chess that harnesses today's compute power and cleaves the rote memorization from the game to bring back the purity. Or, a whole new game entirely where options and possibilities are more highly dimensional, with each move creating a whole new exponentially complex set of possibilities. Something that's a cross between Go and Chess seems like a good abstract goal.

Fischer chess is fun alternative

Getting comfortable is the part that always kills me. I learn very quickly but once I get something down fairly well, I stop challenging myself and just rest on that success.

I think thats actually a positive, i would think that in almost any situation, having a good command of many skills and subjects, and being able to move on to the next thing fairly often would have much greater utility. First, because in most things experts are not that much more useful than the merely competent. If you spend ten times the resources and time to become twice as good, then that only matters much in fairly specific tasks. secondly, what happens if your area of expertise either beomes irrelevant or you are unable to use that expertise for some other reason? Imagine being the star running back through high school and college, certain to be drafted. Since the age of 8 that guy has devoted unbeleivable time and effort, got a scholarship that was of necessity a basketweaving degree (not all but most football players do not get useful degrees or even finish them) and so lost that opportunity for education, and suffers a career ending injury in the second last game of a college season. All that expert knowledge all that training just became useless, at best they might have some crossover skills, and depending on the expertise there might be few of those. Perhaps your own 'weakness'n is a strength?

Comfort level doesn't matter at all. Deliberate practice does.

@Ynemey l

this is literally me

A lot of us have that problem.

I would love to see a video on imposter syndrome, on its own or in correlation to this one. This video (like all of your content) is fascinating and, being a long time viewer, I know how well you research the videos. My wife meets all of this criteria but struggles with imposter syndrome constantly. Even though she is constantly learning and improving her already incredible skill set. It would be interesting to find out if this is beneficial or a hindrance to the skills and knowledge obtained in the pursuit of overcoming the feelings.

This is why i love topics like control systems, and machine learning. It's basically putting an "expert" into a system to statistically make predictions or control a system. I'm totally aware that ML has it's creepy porperties and that we sometimes don't know whats going on in there but to be honest we neither know that precisely if we aks an expert. In some use-cases ML is just damn powerful but yes at the end of the day it's statistics.

Not to trust the "experts" is definitely something I learned on the past few years and this video illustrates why very well. Great job!

That is not the take away, lol

Super insightful, thanks! As a low-time pilot working toward the airlines, I can see all of these concepts in my training so far. We repeat the same exercises often with immediate feedback, in a valid environment, and we keep pushing ourselves out of our comfort zone (without actually risking an accident).

I hope to join you soon

Thank you for your effort to share wisdom for all with this platform ,in an interesting and easy to understand way

In my freshman year of highschool, my math teacher gave us a challenge where the student who could remember the most digits of PI on PI-day (March 14th) would get a few points added to their lowest test score. This gave us like 4 days or something to try to remember. I won with 100 digits. Nobody else really cared that much so the most anyone else got was like 10 digits. Yes I am as much of a loser now as I was back then.

not a loser

Pi day only occurs in the US

>I won with 100 digits. Nobody else really cared that much so the most anyone else got was like 10 digits. >Yes I am as much of a loser now as I was back then. so you are an overwhelming winner now then?

@GSlideVideoTester saying that he is loser, he points out his desperation in a typically occuring pathetic situation. He was so desperate to get at least some points that he put overwhelming amount of effort to get insignificant improvement. It is like selling a car for $20, bc he missed a chance to sell it for $20k, and now he tries to get at least something but zero.

As long as you’re having fun and happy

I have two examples of this. One is learning to operate a backhoe / excavator bucket. You get feedback pretty quickly and over the period of say 50 - 100 hours of operation, you go from a complete mess to being able to operate 3 hydraulic cylinders at once smoothly moving the bucket in a tight window in a complex movement. The second is being a great engineer. It takes 1000's of projects, with new things to make you consider different things. Eventually you are an expert and you know almost instantly what is going to work without having to make the moves of calculating anything. A lot of engineers aren't great because they don't have the continuous curiosity to keep pushing for tough problems.... some stop during school and don't learn thing because they are curious and instead pass the classes on short term memorization.

I learned on old cable friction cranes and Dynahoe 4 lever . New machines 100× easier than in 1970s old stuff. My 9yo son ran my 325 CAT excavator after two hours perfectly.

This is both disheartening and inspiring. Knowing that so many ‘successful’ people with so much ‘power’ and influence didn’t get to where they are because they’re *actually* good at what they do is certainly a bit concerning, yet encouraging because we can change this 🙂

How people gain power and authority would also make an interesting video. I bet #1 would be having friends in the right places.

@Caveman Hikes “It’s not about *what* you know, it’s about *who* you know.”

These also apply directly to machine learning with ANN. Not enough practice (or training epochs) and resultant underperformance is under-fitting, and older doctors getting worse diagnosing because rare events get overridden by the frequent ones is an example of classic overfitting. Which of course makes sense since our brains are also Neural Networks albeit not Artificial.

always thought I was terrible at memorizing numbers (couldn't keep phone numbers and b-days in) asa child / teen. Then a friend of mine learned like 10 digits of pi, which impressed me so I gave it a try. Just a couple of weeks later i got to a hundred and kept going to 250. Now I haven't memorized for more then a decade and I can still go up to like 50. It is so baffling how easy and automatic it becomes

I'm applying it on my own life, thank you so much Sir ❤

I think the case for the first piece position scenario has to do with the fact any arrangement the puzzle master chooses will have to be at least somewhat similar to a beginning or mid game chess scenario, it is unwise they should opt for end game since there are too few pieces to facilitate a challenge. The master is likely very well versed in chess openings which is a big help to him, maybe some stuff in that is reminiscent to the London opening as an example. Hell, even I, someone that hardly ever plays chess could place more pieces correctly than the beginner by just knowing this simple bit of info: the initial position of chess pieces when setting up the chess board. From just that I could likely place at least 10 pieces correctly because immediately I see 8 of the pieces are still in their exact starting positions 6 pawns 2 rooks have not moved, 3 seconds later I see the white king is also in his starting position and that the space occupied by the 6 pawns is symmetric on the first rank 3 either side of a 2 block wide hole. I just placed 9 pieces straight off the bat, I also see the kings. Information 2: the initial move of a pawn can be 2 squares forward, I revealed the kings pawn has performed his initial 2 square dash but otherwise he is also in his starting position. I can also pin very easily pin down a black knight's location: kings pawn has used his 2 square move where he is right side threatened by a black night long L. I just placed 10 pieces and that's very easy to notice in 5 seconds with just these facts about chess: Initial board setup A pawn may dash 2 squares on his first move The moveset of a knight I got 10 pieces down and I haven't even had to consider specific openings yet My next 5 second peek I would likely start considering the initial placement of the black pieces and some more non obvious white ones. For the random placement this crutch of the solvers knowledge about chess is much less useful and they have to rely almost exclusively on memory and pattern recognition and forming your own associations is way harder than when the association (possible chess arrangements) is a component in the puzzle's construction. Hell the only thing I could see is the Bishop in the bottom right corner of the board forms a minecraft pickaxe shape with the corner pixels sparkling like diamonds (white pawns) and the head pixel as dull as coal (Black pawn) allowing me to place only 4 pieces.

This is a very timely video for the start of a new college term in September - I'll definitely be showing this to my new students!

and as a student... i learned a big lesson, as why i am not improving in the areas i already know somewhat ok, but improving in topics i don't know

Equally timely for a midlife crisis programmer, stuck doing the same stuff for nearly a decade.

Go for it

Please don't remind me that summer break is almost over

Brilliant. You just outlined a great model for AI/ML. As always, thank you for your continued insights and willingness to live on the edge with intellect. Cheers

Hey thanks! I’ve been wanting to catch this video for a while. Gladwell’s book was a fun start. There is a fellow, I think his name is Anders Erickson, who did quite a bit of research in this area that is interesting to check out. Thanks for pressing on in film and drama! Veritasium rocks!

I think this is part of why it's so hard to ever feel competent in an art - patterned feedback exists to a degree, but so much of whether a piece of media takes off or not is subjective.... and if it doesn't take off AT ALL you don't get the opportunity for feedback in the first place.

What happens when you play the tasks out in your mind and/or lucid dreams? Great video. What it seems like your saying is in order to be successful I first have to be successful. Which really means in order to be great I have to be an expert at failing. If I’m an expert at failing then I can more easily avoid failing and notice when I fail etc. etc. Also I think your video is pointing me in the direction of Dr. Peterson’s book: 12 Rules for Life. Thanks for your videos and I hope you keep making more.

I believe no other channel on the you tube is as amazing as this!!! Thank you so much for all your efforts in sharing the great things with us!!!

FOUR THINGS YOU NEED TO BECOME AN EXPERT 1. valid environment (structured, patterned) 2. many repetitions (not once-in-a-lifetime thing) 3. timely feedback (feedback as soon as you perform an action) 4. deliberate practice (practice outside of your comfort zone, at the edge of our ability, the zone of proximal learning)

Valid environment Many repitation Timely feedback Deliberate practice

Writing out in bullet points and memorizing it will not make you an expert any more than watching the video. Unless you do these yourself there's no point.

Valid environment Many repetition Timely feedback Deliberate practice

Valid Feedback Many Environment Timely Practice Deliberate Repetition

@Repent and believe in Jesus Christ Your comment is irrelevant to the video. Move along bot spammer!

When i play computer games, I feel all these princuples very well :D These do not require that much time dedicated, but other criteria are usually very distinctive. So games are like a practice for becoming an expert in other fields. Software developing (programming in particular) feels like gaming for me because those criteria are also very bright. You receive feedback of codestyle from colleagues and its correctness from compilers and tests almost immediately. All tasks are unique so you are always on some level of challenge (even if it consists only of deducing the task to familiar parts). And there is almost no randomness because there are not much things you cannot control for some degree.

This explains alot in an elegant way. I've always noticed there can often be huge differences between 'experts' and some of that feels like its explained by this. Some correctly get all 4 factors and become true experts, some get the qualification without getting through all four elements and becomes an 'expert'.

this was pretty nice :))) its like we have certain perceptions about certain things and in my case I feel like I know how this will work but watching these videos always opens up a new way of thinking

What do you think of programmers. I relate to the first ones, but I become comfortable with debugging. Debugging means you're trying to fix something that went wrong. even though it may not be as challenging, the longer it goes the more complex it becomes. I'd love to hear thoughts!

This was incredibly timely and it expounded on a principle I learned only recently. When you practise something and get frustrated, as we all do, that is **not** the time to pause. That chord you can't quite play, the card trick you can't quite nail - keep at it for five more minutes and tell yourself this deliberately. I think this is also what the fourth point in the video is about, because in those 'five more minutes', you are at the bleeding edge of your skill and that is precisely when you grow.

this would make sense if you wanted to stop because you were tired or your hands hurt, but doing something frustrated leads us to be stubborn and use patterns we already know, so you don't really learn. it has happened a lot to me, you try to do something and get frustrated bc you can't do it, just to do it super easily the next day while having fresh mind

@Tinchozz I believe the key word is 'deliberate'. When you get frustrated, recognise it. To recognise a feeling is to disrupt its dysfunctional effects on cognition enough to deal with it deliberately. This is an aspect from the ABC model of cognitive behavioural therapy. There is no feeling without a preceding thought. If I'm transferring what I've learned from this video, the above and the principle I mentioned correctly, it may be that the feeling of frustration is the result of resistance before new neural connections form. I've personally had great success with the method, as long as I don't overdo those five minutes into more and more attempts. ETA: "I'm getting frustrated. I realise this is because I'm at the edge of my skill. I will take a breath and continue for five minutes to hone that edge." - could be a chain of thoughts I may have in the process. The exact words are different for everybody, the key is to think and not just feel.

​@Chris N It is all relative tho. Just like you stated "You stop and take a breath" but how long is that breath and how much do you breath? You can say that you stopping to take a breath for 1 min and then going back is relative to someone taking a breath for the rest of the day and then getting back at it the next day. It is all relative and once we box ourselves in by saying "this is the only way" then we have a problem.

@Chris N It's also a good time to reassess technique as you're not *abandoning* the practice but you get a chance to slow down and think more clearly - I've had good experiences using the technique you mentioned in conjunction with my own!

As with everything in life, mind, body, and soul. Flashcards, weights, and prayer

A very interesting video. I am trying to get decent at bridge which has a combination of randomness, feedback and pattern recognition. It is clearer now what I need to do to significantly improve my game. It also explains why there are a subset at my bridge club who will never get beyond beginner level even after decade(s) playing.

Great professional promising project. The project was executed in a very manner and had a clear development plan. Without a doubt, this is one of the best projects out there, success always.

100% motivating, inspirationnal and most of all these are ways to think that we don''t usually hear about. Don't know if I was clear but thx !

This runs really true for reinforcement learning. It usually works if you have a limited environment and can learn with feedback.

this is actually true for most things i guess ^^. Only things like sports can be an exceptions because you have limiting factors like genetics(so the environment is partly not valid). thanks for making these videos :) !

1.Repeated attempts with feedback - "4:47" 2.Valid Environment - "6:57" 3.Timely feedback - "11:21" 4.Don't get too comfortable - "13:53" Along with the 10,000 hours 😄

the 10000 isn't necessary, i think thats just the amount of time it seems to take most people to gain a solid understanding of those 4 principles within their field, whether they realize it or not.

@Manny exactly if these people who succeeds in these 4 things with less time than 10,000 they are called a prodigy or genius

Thanks man 4th point is very important because whenever I do maths Problem I only do same or simple problems which makes it harder to solve difficult questions. Let's see how much can I improve by doing these steps 😁😁😁

@єlẸcTrofŁυX It might be better to acknowledge that genius is not simply "one who succeeds in attaining these 4 rules early or in less time". There is much more to being a prodigy or genius (whatever we people mean by these terms). For example, apart from these, a person considered among the best in his field has great attitude, passion, creativity, wonder and, arguably the most important of all, persistence.

@Hassan H hmm

I just made an acronym for me to always remember these four criteria. It's PERF (from "performance"), P - (Deliberate) Practice E - (Valid) Environment R - Repetition F - Feedback Great video, as always!

May i suggest a Part 2 to this or would that be too random? ?

Great! I wish I could give you more than my thumbs up.

Perf-romance

Order matters.....deliberate practice comes after repetitions

Or perf ection

this is probably one of the most eye opening videos i have ever watched, cus as a kid i stumbled upon this but i never put it into an actual idea like this, it’s brilliant and i’m probably gonna implement it into my daily life as much as possible

I love this channel!!! Always super insightful and interesting, thank you!

When he mentioned "valid environments" he refenced a roulette wheel. The interesting thing is that even roulette wheels have patterns and some people have cracked them. Very few things on this earth are truly random. So I think that when assessing the validity of an environment it's best to look at it like a gradiant rather than something that's binary. It's a lot easier to spot a pattern in black jack than in roulette, but that doesn't mean that both don't have patterns. A 12 deck blackjack game is harder to spot a pattern with than a 1 deck game, however both are still possible.

I have on occasion interviewed candidates for job openings. I learned to distinguish between people who had 10 years experience vs. people who got too comfortable, and had 1 year of experience repeated 10 times.

As a mathematician, these four factors definitely resonated with me and I think math is field that really encourages that deliberate practice. Great video!

I'm a University undergrad in STEM, math is definitely a deliberate practice to learn it well, I found out the hard way that just memorizing patterns and formulas wasn't good enough. I always wondered how TA and professors got so good at math they were able to teach others, some of the TA tutors (Grad students that tutor undergrads) actually forgot some of the formulas for calculus (there are so many lol) but as soon as we would refresh them on the formula they were able to instantly crack on, and finished the examples effortlessly. Memorization of formulas is only a very small percentage of high performance in mathematics, its all about repetition, and putting yourself against hard problems that take an uncomfortable amount of thinking and time to solve.

MY MUSIC SHALL BLOW UP THIS YEAR MANIFESTATION 🔥❤️

Math is my favorite subject (along with physics). If you one day revisit this comment, would you share with us what it’s like to work in your field and some tips on getting there?

Dr. B, As a fellow mathematician I have to say that I love your channel!

@Hagen Farrell It's actually kind of like chess. Imagine old math problems to be previous chess games. Everyone knows the rules, but experienced players can see a lot more patterns and tendencies when they encounter a problem.

The conditions for optimal learning are those for flow state. You may find this interesting to look into.

This is pretty interesting to me because the whole thing about masters chunking positions and having a difficult time with random positions is something I basically predicted in a comment on a hikaru video a month ago. It was in regards to him playing chess960 blindfolded. Especially interesting because I dont have much experience predicting the inner workings of chess master brains and yet I seem to have been correct

Thank you sir, you have impacted my life in a big way. Just wanted to express this.

This video is crazy. Brilliant, brilliant man. I am a big believer that most of the time, ego kills our advance in life. What I mean by this is there are a lot of people that believe just because they are full of books, they are experts. Learning from experience and getting straight feedback prove to be the best strategies for learning for me. The example you give there about radiologists and anesthesiologists. Doing something and having the opportunity to get feedback straight away is the best learning process. The same go for learning a language. For example, I am learning English, and two years ago, I moved to the UK. Now by living here, any time I hear some expression, I take notes and ask some native friends. By doing this, I 'am learning a lot every day. In this way, I am going to start a Language business for sure ahahah. This video really makes me feel good about being an expert and understand how to learn properly. Again is really sad that we make people with a degree so important when in reality, most of those people don't have any passion and drive for what they do, and most of the time, they don't really like what they do. Passion and knowledge are powerful. Amazing video again, man. You did an amazing job. I am writing this, and I didn't finish the video yet, crazy! I believe one of the biggest killers of Mastery and being an expert is fear, and this is one of the reasons I always say without overcoming our fear, we can study a lot, but we are never gonna reach our full potential. With this, I am not saying we don't need to study. What I mean by this is going to school is right, but at the end of the day, at one point, it's really important to be honest with ourselves and start channelling our energy to what really can make us reach our full potential. It can be learning a language or studying marketing. Another example where we can get instant feedback and learn can be talking with people or girls in our daily life. By doing this and analysing the reaction we receive from people, analysing what we say... We can learn a lot and improve our confidence and communication.

Mathematician here. I did a lot of teaching when I was in grad school, and this video really hits all the nails on all the heads. Only in my last year did I figure out a concrete mantra to tell my students, encouraging them to not get discouraged by challenging problems because you only improve a skill by pushing yourself beyond what's comfortable. (The words I used were "engaging with uncertainty" rather than "deliberate practice", but they amounted to the same thing.)

I taught a little math myself and had started to realize "there is no learning without failure" but I didn't get to implement that as a positive strategy before I left the profession.

@John No Nor adequate short term memory adequate for the task ... and, the desire for them to actually understand (if it was to be useful / deep knowledge).

Also "We learn from mistakes" is a helpful phrase. If we never make mistakes - we learned the theme, and to become better we have to solve problems which are "on the edge" of our knowledge, where we can still make mistakes.

I have so much respect for teachers who legitimately care about the success of their students as that's rare nowadays I find. I had a lady math teacher who was always running around with sweat on her brow preparing practice papers for us before exams and stuff. My grades went from 60% range to 80% range under her and even got 93 for one of the big exams which was higher than the "nerd" of the class who was going for a scholarship.

Studied physics in college. Those professors that emphasize difficulty (or simply make it hard) Iearn the most from. In classical mechanics I got 35% on my second quiz and 100% on my third. Getting spanked (metaphorically) sure helped me learn.

Thank you. I’ve been reading a lot of books about uncertainty and sometimes the expert is not so reliable and are overconfident with their true abilities!

Awesome video! Thank you for this, made me more aware of mechanisms of expertise.

How would you do a deliberate practice if you are a student and try to study a certain subject? I feel like I tend to rely on the same study mechanism subconsciously. Does studying different subjects count as a deliberate practice? Or the underlying study method is what makes us improve?

Great an amazing video. 17:58 mn, but I guess it took many hours, days to have this great content. Well done to all the team. Keep it up !

You are my favourite expert ever. Research, research and research. Assembling information and explaining it!

It would be interesting to have a deep dive video on deliberate practice - what constitutes it, how to engage in it proactively, etc.

There is a ted talk on this - search the first 20 hours ted talk. Enjoy :)

commenting on this so it's higher in the comments and derek sees it

I second this!

would love a video about that too.

great idea

Its about understanding all aspects of the craft, and mastering it to the best of your ability, and to keep improving further even after that. At least that's my idea of what a expert is. It implies all-around fluency. I find that often the best experts study those experts that came before them.

Great video! About the Experiment with the red and the green button: Does someone happen to know wether the human subjects also received reward and punishment during that study?

Great video topic/explanation. I'm especially curious to see insider metrics from YouTube creators. _Big youtubers like yourself know the business that us long time viewers would spend an incredible number of watch hours to discover..._

I used to do nothing but puzzles months before major chess tournaments and I would go about 250k to 1 million puzzles in that time. So when it was tournament time I could just see stuff instantly based on the chess patterns so no tactical solutions if perfect play so then I focused on positional play and let people try to win against me via tactics.

i find it funny this is sponsored by brilliant because on the notes i took on this video i mentioned brilliant as challenging practice. i took 3 months of it and did 2 courses and halfway through the astrophysics one, and i have to say, the complex tasks of finding relations, unknowns and such (complex compared to what i was doing at school which was basically nothing) were great practice and i learnt a lot. 10/10 i know this sounds like and add but i have to say it's a good example of taking many attempts at a problem that serves as a challenge with quick and reasonable feedback

4:54 - many repeated attempts with feedback 6:46 - a valid (predictable) environment 11:20 - timely feedback 13:50 - don't get too comfortable

thank you

thank you

Thanks, I was taking notes, but somehow overlooked point 3. @ironmanmason do you have other ideas, or a video recommendation with better advice?

Isn't point 4 deliberate practice?

bless your soul

Very insightful video, thank you! Correction: "over the short term, stock price movements are almost entirely random" is a common misconception and needs qualification. The stock market (stocks within the DJI, NAS, S&P and other indices) are entirely controlled by an algorithm (IPDA). However, price movement within lower time frames (less than 1 DAY) can be temporarily influenced by commercials, non-commercials and (very slightly) retail trading. In addition to the 90% of mutual fund management under-performers, there are several stellar fund managers (aka Jim Simons).

This channel, and this video especially, inspired me to lead some presentations at work to motivate our team to become experts.

The way you used the chessboards and turned them into pixelated faces was such a brilliant analogy and imagery. I had to pause the video and pull out my phone just to leave this comment. Bravo. I liked that so damn much.

Did you recognize them? I think they are (from left to right): Charles Darwin, Martin Luther-King, Mahatma Ghandi, Abraham Lincoln.

Very good video. I can relate alot to what was said and use it in my rehearsal work. Thanks

So the core idea is that experts are good at pattern recognition. You experience, you get feedback, you remember. Then you develop an idea of how it works and keep refining it on the basis of your experience. Over time, you make wiser decisions because... you have been there before

"Don't get comfortable" is a lesson I'd like to drive home by this statistic: some 70-90% of accidental finger amputations happen at 2 ages, 16 and 60. All the time in between those ages is marked by remarkably safe individuals who go their entire career without a single incident. Before and after those ages is when nearly every finger is removed via _any_ means. Below 16, the reasons are typically doors, mowers, and knives. After 60, the reasons are power tools, typically the sort of hand tool an individual would've used for his entire career, probably without incident. Personally, my finger was removed at 16, following an exceptionally poor night of sleep, followed by a very late arrival at work, where I needed to do about 2 days' worth of catch up work, with a poorly maintained chopsaw (miter saw), in an environment with a poor (but improving) attitude towards safety. That chopsaw removed my finger about 2 hours after starting work, and I became part of that aforementioned statistic.

very interesting statistic. thanks for sharing your story

thanks for sharing your story. Sorry you lost your finger, I hope one day Jesus resurrects you with a brand new finger again!

I'll sure as hell bet the attitude towards safety was improving after that lmao

@Michael yeah, even if it did take a while. I was actually fired from a later job for my laissez-faire attitude towards safety, but I'm much better about it now, thank goodness.

Fascinating statistic. My uncle was an outlier. He is a carpenter by trade, but was careless with one of his saws. (A table saw, I think?) It was so fast, he didn't even feel his finger come off at first. I'm not sure how old he was, but he was well under 60, probably in his 20s or 30s.

I love this video in the context of the revelations around mask wearing - we had "experts" tell us to wear masks.... but at the same time we haven't had a pandemic at this level in really any of our lifetimes. And we haven't had a pandemic with this many people on earth at this level. Nevertheless, experts told us that masks were the solution. I believed them.